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ArturCaban
Doktorant
WydziałNaukSpołecznych,InstytutFilozofii
UniwersytetŚląski
Odhomosovieticusdohomooeconomicus-
analizagenezytransformacji
wujęciuks.JózefaTischnera
Abstract:25yearshavealreadypassedsincethesymboliceventthatwastheRoundTabledebate
-aquarterofacenturyoffreedom,democracyandcapitalism.Itisworthevaluatingthisperiod
inthecontextoftheattitudepresentedbytheChurchanditsfollowerstowardsmarketeconomy,
especiallybecauseinitsPolishversion,“freemarket”evokesextremeopinionsinthesociety,
rangingfromeuphoriaof1989tocompletedenialexpressedinnostalgiaforthelifeinthePolish
People)sRepublic.TepurposeofthearticleistoanalysetheviewsoftheRev.J.Tischneras
regardsthelegitimacyoftheclaimsrelatedtothenatureofhomosovieticusandhispotential
transformationintohomooeconomicus,whichinturnimpactsthepresentshapeofthePolish
transformation-liberaleconomy.Teanalysisofthenotionofhomosovieticusiscarriedoutby
theRev.J.TischnerinthecontextofsocialandeconomicchangesinPolandafer1989,which
arecharacteristicofparticulartypesofcivicattitudes,manifestedinaspecifickindofsuspi-
cion,irresponsibilityandillegitimateclaims.AsTischnerclaims,homosovieticuswasaconstant
companionofaChristian-justashemanagedtopermeateintotheCommunistparty,sodid
hepermeateintochurches.TecollapseoftheCommunistregimewassupposedtorevealthe
truefaceofsovieticus,whoturnedouttobeaherdcreaturewhenfacedwithauthenticfreedom
rootedindemocracyandmarketeconomy,andonethatcherishescollectivevaluesmorethan
individualresponsibility,thuslimitinghisownself-criticismandrealisticperceptionofhisplace
inthesociety.Teoppositeofhomosovieticuswassupposedtobetheattitudedescribedashomo
oeconomicus,andaccordingtotheauthorsoftheassumptionsbehindprivatisation,itwasalso
therootandsourceoftheideawhichledtotheformationofthemiddleclass,becauseitwasthe
onlywaytoachievesuccessinlife.Capitalismandhomooeconomicusareinextricablybound,
becausethedevelopmentofmoderncapitalistcivilisationisfunctionallyconnectedtotheforma-
tionofpersonalitytypes,whereeconomicmotivationtendstoexpand,thusimposingthestyle
oninterpersonalrelationships.Terisingstar,whichhomooeconomicuswassupposedtobeat
thebeginningofthe1990s,afer25yearsoftransformationstillcannotannounceitsvictoryover
someoneTischnerreferredtoasthe“Sovietman”.Teassumptionthatalongwiththearrivalof
marketeconomy,most-ifnotall-ofthesocietywilldefinitelyadopttherulesdictatedbythe
homooeconomicusmodelultimatelyprovedwrong.
Keywords:JózefTischner,homosovieticus,homooeconomicus,economictransformation,mar-
keteconomy.
