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Personality-basedviewonupbringing.Areasofhumanism
37
formaLatinwordpersona(aperson)thatisrelatedwithaGreekwordprosopon,i.e.
amaskusedbyanactorintheancienttheaterbutitalsoreferredtoaperson,toan
actorhimself.Later,thiswordwasbeingusedasatermdescribingdistinctivepeople,
withtimeitstartedtorefertoallpeople.8
Terepresentativesofpersonalismpresentapersonasanautonomicentity,point-
ingatthehumandignityandabilitytothink.Accordingtocurrentterminology,the
wordpersonalismmeans:“1)adoctrineemphasizingtheautonomicvalueofahu-
manbeingasapersonandpostulatingone’scompleteafrmation;2)programsof
actionsthatsupportthedevelopmentofahumanbeingandsubordinateeconomic
andtechnicalvaluestopersonalandspiritualvalues.”9Tisdefinitionpointsatthe
factthattheessentialnotionofthisphilosophicalmovementisahumanasaperson
i.e.athinking,free,responsibleandsubstantialentity.
Furthermore,thenotionofapersonembracestheassertionaboutahumanbe-
ingasahuman,abouthisform,individuality,wayoflife,thatmeansaboutaperson
whoisconsideredaseparate,detachedfromthingsandsurrounding,theentity
thatisindividual,singleandunique.10Beingapersonisstronglyconnectedwith
experiencingofthefactof“self-existence,”“self-belonging”andofexperiencing
one’sownindependency.AsE.Mounierwrote:“Mypersonisinmeinitspresence
andunityoftimelessmissionthatcallsmetounlimitedgoingbeyondmyselfand
makesalwaysimperfectandalwaysstartingalloveragainunityofelementsthat
workinme.”11Itseemstobealittlebittoocomplexperspective,especiallytaking
intoconsiderationthefactthatitissupposedtobethefundamentforupbringing
process.Encipheringofone’sinnercodewouldbeabaseforfindingone’sown
placeinacommunityandsimultaneouslyforenteringonthepathofself-develop-
ment,gainingofskilltotransformthesurroundingrealitythatistherealizationof
assumptionsofwhatwecall“upbringing.”
Toessentialfeaturesthatdefineapersonaccordingtopersonalisticphilosophers
belong:substantiality,abilitytothinkandindependentactions.So,wemayassume
thatrelationsbetweenparticularpeoplearerelationsbetweenentitiestotallyequalin
thescopeoftheirdignityandfreedom.12
Tepersonalisticconceptemphasizesthefactthatahumanisaexistentially
dińerententitythatisacombinationofmaterialelements(thebody)aswellasim-
materialelements(thesoul).Terefore,thehumannaturedisplaystwoexistential
levels:thebiological-vegetativelife,whichlocatesahumaninthevisible,material
world,andthemental-spirituallife13thatallowsustogobeyondthisworld.Tis
8
Comparewith:F
.Adamski(ed.),Wychowaniepersonalistyczne,Kraków2005,p.9-10.
9
M.Nowak,Teorieikoncepcjewychowania,Warszawa2008,p.542.
10Comparewith:ibidem,p.233,andwith:F
.Adamski(ed.),Wychowanie…,op.cit.,p.9-10.
11E.Mounier,OsobaOsobowość…,op.cit.,p.348.
12Comparewith:M.Nowak,Pedagogikapersonalistyczna…,op.cit.,p.233,andwith:F
.Adamski(ed.),Wychowanie
personalistyczne…,op.cit.,p.9-10.
13InconsiderationsonthehumanphenomenonTadeuszPłużańskistatesthattheTeilhard’svisiondińersfromother
theories,especiallyformnaturalism,becauseoftheassumptionthat“thebasicmaterialoftheuniversefromwhichby
longevolutionahumanbeingemergesisnotonlymaterialinitsnature[ś].Ithasmaterial-spiritualnatureandhuman
‘spirit’
,‘consciousness’andpsycheoriginatefromthespiritualelementthatisinherentinthisworldfromitsverybegin-