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Personality-basedviewonupbringing.Areasofhumanism
39
betheaspectofWesternculturethatisabsentinthiscultureandthat,accordingto
E.Mounier,canbeworkedout.However,hisapproachtoahumanbeingcontains
aparadox,i.e.“apersonis[ś]aplacewherereceivingismorepersonalactionthan
creation,whereonlywhengivingsomethingonemayenjoypossession.”19Further-
more,“onefindsapersonwhenonedoesnotlookforit,andregardlessoftheReality
onwhichthepathopens,[ś]onlythisdimandfreewaygivesussomeopportunity
tobeingledtothesecretofexistence.”20Tisisoneofmanywaysofambiguousin-
terpretationofpersonalization,thatE.Mounierponders,stillhedoesnogiveusthe
definitiveanswerexceptthenecessityofleavingofthinkingabouttotalspiritualiza-
tionofapersonandaboutanauthenticpersonintermsofahero.
Teprocessofpersonalisticupbringingisthepersonaldevelopmentprocess.
Ahumanbeingdoesnotknowthestandstill,heisneverfinishedandtheessential
featureofhislifeisconstantdevelopmentandaimingfor“thebetterhimself.”Tisis
whythelifeofahumanisincessantlyoutspreadbetweenhisactualstateandaperson
heislikelytobe.21Teneedforupbringingemergesfromahuman’simperfection.
AccordingtoWładysławStróżewskiifahumanwereaperfectentity,i.e.finished,
fulfilledandcomplete,hisupbringingwouldbeunnecessaryandevenimpossible.
Testateofdeficiencyandlackisthefundamentofahuman’sdevelopment.
Tethingthatisalsoquiteimportantinthispersonalistictheory–istoassume
thatahumanhasadynamicstructure,itmeansthatheisabletochangeandbecome
better.Inordertobecomebetterahumanbeingmusthavenotonlytheopportunity
thatconditionstheprocessofchanges,buthealsomusthaveaprecisegoal,i.e.an
ideaoranidealaccordingtowhich,andtowhichthisbecomingissupposetorefer.
Tementionedideaistheideaofhumanitythatassumesthatahumanfacesvalues
andifhewanttobeahumanhehastorealizethesevalues.Tecompletedevelop-
mentstandsbetweenaperson’sfuturepossiblestateandaperson’srealstate.Itis
asearchingforoneselfininnerself,whichisnotgiventoahumanbutisavalue
toreach.22So,thepowerforupbringingoriginatesfromahuman’sprimitiveinner
power,so-calledinneraimingfordevelopment,apedagogicalimpulseortheimpulse
forbecoming.Achilddoesnotreceiveupbringing,butasaconcretehumanbeing,
apersonwithallthatshapesit,entersintorelationswithapersonresponsiblefor
upbringingandwiththesurrounding.Teroleofaneducatoristoinvokeinachild
awishtobeahuman,insteadoftryingtofitachildfortheenvironment.Upbring-
ingisachallenge,themaieuticsofpotentialthatisenclosedineveryhumanbeing.
Educationaccompaniesahumanthroughouthislifeinthecontinualprocessofbe-
coming.23Italsoconstitutesahumanandgiveshimimportanceinbeingsomeonein
relationtotheworld,whichisemphasizedinwordsofP
.TeilharddeChardin:“For
athinkingcreaturethedecisivemomentmustbewhenthescalesfallfromone’seyes
19E.Mounier,Osoba…,op.cit.,p.350.
20Ibidem,p.350.
21Comparewith:S.Jedynak,J.Kojkoł,Encyklopediaflozofiwychowania,Bydgoszcz2009,p.228.
22Comparewith:W
.Stróżewski,Ostawaniusięczłowiekiem,[in:]F
.Adamski(ed.),Człowiekwychowaniekultura,
Kraków1993,p.52-53.
23Comparewith:S.Jedynak,J.Kojkoł,Encyklopediaflozofi…,op.cit.,p.228.