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3.AHISTORICALSKETCH
Theideabehindusingelectricenergyinvehicledriveemergedatthedawn
ofelectricalengineeringdevelopment.Thiswasconnectedwithimprovementof
electricalmachinesanddevicesforenergyconversion.Thefirstpracticalapplica-
tionofanelectricdriveinlandtransporttookplaceasearlyasinthe19thcentury
(Berlin,1879-WernervonSiemens,Fig.3.1,3.2),thefirstelectrictramwas
launchedin1881inLichterfelde(Fig.3.3),theundergroundinLondon(1890),
therailwayinSwitzerland(Burgdorf-Thun,1893).ThesolutionforanACloco-
motiveispresentedinFig.3.4.
Sincethe19thcentury,Polishengineershavebeenworkingonthesubject.
In1883,inRussia,ProfessorHenrykMerczyng,agraduateoftheUniversityof
WarsawandtheInstituteofCommunicationEngineersinPetersburg,beganlec-
turingontheelectrificationofrailwayandelectrictraction,whichhecontinued
from1900to1916.Prof.Merczyngalsopublishedseveralbooksinthefieldof
electricalengineeringthatwerewritteninPolish:Kurselektrotechniki[Courseon
ElectricalEngineering](1895),Zasadyelektrotechniki[PrinciplesofElectrical
Engineering](Warsaw,1899)andTeoriaprąduelektrycznego[TheoryofElec-
tricCurrent](1905).ProfessorHenrykGraftjocollaboratedwithhim.In1901,
inWarsaw,abook“TramsandElectricRailways”writtenbyT.Ruśkiewiczwas
published.
Fig.3.1.ThefirstelectriclocomotivebuiltbyW.Siemens
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