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underprivilegedandadopting...).Theveryfirstsentencealsohasan
appositionalphrase(thesonofanofficial...)priortothemainverb.
Thisvariationinwordorderisofcourseavitallyimportanttechniquefor
avoidingsentencemonotony,anditisoftenusedinEnglish.Hereare
afewmoresentencesofthistype,whicharesometimesreferredtoas
Eleft-handed’:
1.WrittenshortlybeforetheoutbreakoftheFrenchRevolution,the
novelreflectssomeofthecentralconcernsofthoseyears.
2.Beingconsciousofhisownexistence,mantriestodiscoverasmuch
abouthimselfaspossible.
3.Awriterofmanydifferentabilities,Grasshasneverfailedtobe
entertainingandinformative.
4.Sufferingamajorheartattackin1925,helivedforanotherfouryears,
producingsomeofhisfinestworkduringthatperiod.
5.StudyinginParisfrom1910to1913,hereturnedtoLondonin1914,
joiningupwiththeBritishArmyayearlater.
6.Usedinmoderation,manysubstancesareharmlessandevenbeneficial.
Example3isdifferentfromtheothersinthatthefirstsectionisnot
aparticipialclause.ItisratherlikepartofthefirstsentenceofPassage
B,thesonofanofficial.
Inexample6thefirstclausereallymeansEEWhenitisusedin
moderation...’’orEEIfitisusedinmoderation...’’.
Inexamples4and5thesubjectandmainverbareactuallyfollowed
byparticipialclausesaswell(producing...,joining...),suchasmight,by
analogy,betermedEright-handed’.Butwhethertheyareleft-or
right-handed,theseclausesareonemeansofavoidingmonotonyin
sentencestructure.Obviouslytheyarenottobeoverdone.
Examples4and5alsoillustrateacuriousfeatureofEnglishstyle:
peopleoftenwriteSuffering...andStudying...whenwhattheyactually
meanisHavingsuffered...andHavingstudied...
.Oneclauseinthe
Orwell-text(Publishinghisfirstbook...in1933)issimilar.
Left-andright-handedclausesarealsoveryusefulinavoidingclauses
beginningwithas,becauseandsince.Hereaspecialconstructionis
oftenfavoured:
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