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Spanishcoastandledtosignificantpollutionofthewatersand
regionformanyyearsthereafter.ItdemonstratedthattheUnited
NationsConventionontheLawoftheSea(signedinMontego
Bayin1982)doesnotpreventecologicaldisastersorotherre-
latedevents.Recurringoiltankerdisasters(morethan10since
1967),startingwiththeTorreyCanyon,throughtheAmocoCadiz
in1978andtheExxonValdezin1989havecontributedtoarisein
thenumberofinternationalconventionspertainingtothepro-
tectionoftheseafromshippollution.
Canoneassumethatinternationallawisaneńectiveinstrument
inpreventingecologicaldisasters?Theanswerisintheamrma-
tive,butonlywhentheseconventionsareimplementedinto
nationallawcansubstantialresultsbeobtainedinincreasing
environmentalsafetyatsea.AnexampleofthisisthePolishact
of18August2011onseasafety(Dz.U.of2016item281).The
actregulatesissuesofseasafetywithregardtotheconstruction
ofaship,itsfixedequipmentandfittings,thequalificationsand
make-upofthecrew,safeseafaringandliferescueatsea.Be-
causeofthisact,theprotectionoftheseafrompollutionfunc-
tionsemcientlywithinbothnationalandinternationallaw.
TheregulationsofthePolish1995actonpreventingseapollu-
tionbyships(Dz.U.2015item434)alsomakeadirectreference
inart.1tointernationalconventions,i.e.theMARPOL73/78Con-
vention,theHelsinkiConvention,theConventionontheProtec-
tionoftheMarineEnvironmentoftheBalticSeaAreaof1974
and1992andtheLondonConventionof1972)andstipulatethat
theseagreementsapplyinthepreventionofseapollutionby
ships,togetherwithamendmentsvalidfromthedatetheyenter
intoforce.
Formanyyears,internationallawhasbeenunabletosolvethe
problemoftheinternationallegalresponsibilityofstates.TheUN’s
InternationalLawCommissionhasbeenworkingfor60yearsin
thismattertowardstheprojectonaconventionwhichcouldmeet
withinternationalacceptance.
Theinstitutionoflegalandinternationalresponsibilityofstates
couldserveasavitalweaponinprotectingtheenvironment
onagloballevel.Theissueofstateresponsibilityforenviron-
mentaldamageisconsideredoneofthemostimportantcon-
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ENVIRONMENTALLAW
