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1.1.INTRODUCTION
Whenameasuredexperimentalparameterstartstodependonsomefac-
torinanunforeseenandunpredictablemanner,itisfirstconsideredasacu-
riosityandatroubleforresearchers.Andonlyafterthisphenomenonis
studiedinmoredetailandthereappearsanunderstandingofitsmechanism
andconditionsofobservation,thenanefficientapplicationmaystartwith
derivingnewandoftenvaluableinformation.Agroupofsuchphenomena
thatrefertofluorescencespectroscopyandgotacommonname“Red-Edge
effects”havepassedthisevolution.Itwasinitiallyfoundthatinsomespe-
cialconditionsoflightexcitationthefluorescencespectroscopicproperties
donotconformtoclassicalrules.Thus,whenfluorescenceisexcitedatthe
red(long-wavelength)edgetheemissionspectra,itcandependonexcitation
wavelength,andtheexcited-stateenergytransfer,ifpresent,failsatthe“red”
excitationedge.Lateranumberofwavelength-selectivetime-dependent
phenomenawereobservedandcharacterized.Moreover,itwasfoundthat
thered-edgeexcitationcaninfluenceprofoundlytheexcited-statereactions,
suchasisomerizations,electronandprotontransfers.Forexplainingthese
effects,commonmolecular-basedthinkinghasbecomeinsufficient;solute-
solventinteractionsandthedistributionsoftheirenergiesincondensedsys-
temsthatmayinvolvetheirre-arrangementsonascaleoftimemustbecon-
sidered.
Unlikeidealcrystal,whereonlyvibrationalmotionsareallowed,real
condensedmattersystemsusuallydisplaymuchgreaterpossibilitiesforin-
termolecularconfigurationsresultinginstructural,energeticanddynamic
microscopicstructuraldisorders(Goldenfeld&Kadanoff1999,Richert&Blu-
men1994,Wisitsorasak&Wolynes2014).Theyresultsinavarietyofnew
properties:broadeningorevendisappearanceoffirst-orderphasetransi-
tions(Scharnagletal.2005),nonexponentialkineticsofphotophysicaland
photochemicalreactions(Edholm&Blomberg2000,Richertetal.1986),non-
Arrhenius-typeactivatedprocesses(Demchenko1997)andothers.Inmany
casesthedisorderiscombinedwithmicroscopicstructuralheterogeneity,
formationofsupramolecularstructuresandmicro-phases.Theseproperties
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