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otherFranck-Condonactivevibronicbandscanparticipateinthissite-
selectivity.Thisdependsonfluorophorestructureand,togetherwith
fluorophore-environmentinteraction,determinesthedynamicrangeofob-
servedeffects.
AnumberoftheRed-Edgeeffectsinexcitation(Rubinov&Tomin1970,
Rudik&Pikulik1971,Galley&Purkey1970,Tomin&Rubinov1981,Weber
&Shinitzky1970)andlesscommontheBlue-Edgeeffectsinemission
(Pavlovich1976)havebeendiscovered.Thisalloweddevelopingverypopu-
larmethodsofstudyingmoleculardisorderandmolecularrelaxationsindif-
ferentsystems.Theirmostactiveapplicationsareobservedinthestudiesof
low-temperatureglasses,ionicliquids,micelles,biologicalmacromolecules
andbiomembranes.Theseresultswillbediscussedbelow.
Instructurallyandenergeticallydisorderedsystemsthesite-selectivity
caninfluencedramaticallytheratesofphotophysicalprocessesandphoto-
chemicalreactions:dielectricrelaxations(Vincentetal.1995),excited-state
charge(Tominetal.2003)andenergy(Nemkovichetal.1980a),Voropayet
al.1980,Demchenko&Sytnik1991b)transfer,electron(Demchenko&Sytnik
1991b)andproton(Nemkovichetal.2001)transfers,molecularisomeriza-
tions(Wallace-Williamsetal.1993).Sincethereactionprobabilitiesbecome
site-dependent,newsite-selectiveeffectsaredisplayedinreactionkinetics.
Someofthemareveryusefulpracticallyforcharacterizationoftheproper-
tiesinparticularsystemsandpredictingtheirbehaviorinchemicalandbio-
chemicalreactivity(Demchenko1994).
TheRed-Edgeeffectsandtheirapplicationswerethesubjectofseveral
reviews(Rubinov&Tomin1983,Demchenko1988b,2002)andchaptersin
monographs(Nemkovichetal.1991,Demchenko1986b,Lakowicz2007,
Demchenko2008a).However,theresultsareaccumulatingsorapidlythat
theoverviewofthelatestachievementsbecomesofcurrentneed.Theaimof
thepresentChapteristooverviewthebasicknowledgeregardingtheRed-
Edgeeffectstogetherwiththeachievementsoftheirapplicationinvarious
areas.Weshowthatsuchstructuraldisorderappearstobenotonlyacom-
plicationinestablishingpreciseenergeticparametersinstudiedsystems.
Newimportantintegratedstructuralanddynamicinformationcanbeex-
tractedfromitsstudies.
