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1.1Definingexplicitation___
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Thisunderstandingofamplificationispartiallyreflectedinthetaxonomyof
translationtechniquesofMolinaandHurtadoAlbir:
Amplification.TointroducedetailsthatarenotformulatedintheST:informa-
tion,explicativeparaphrasing,e.g.,whentranslatingfromArabic(toSpanish)
toaddtheMuslimmonthoffastingtothenounRamadan.ThisincludesSCFA
)s
explicitation,Delisle)saddition,Margot)slegitimateandillegitimateparaphrase,
Newmark)sexplicativeparaphraseandDelisle)speriphrasisandparaphrase.
Footnotesareatypeofamplification.Amplificationisinoppositiontoreduc-
tion.(Molina&HurtadoAlbir2002:510)
Theexemplificationprovidedbytheauthorsclearlyindicatesatypeofoptional
explicitatingshift,6astheinformationthatRamadanistheMuslimmonthof
fastingisclearlyretrievableifnotfromtheco-text,thencertainlyformthe
pragmaticcontextofthetextandthebackgroundknowledgeofthetranslator.
However,thecomparisonwithMargot)sillegitimateparaphraseandDelisle)s
additionsuggeststhattheirunderstandingofamplificationmightincludeun-
motivatedadditionsaswell.
Asomewhatdifferentviewofamplificationisexpoundedintheworkof
Szeflińska-Karkowska(2001),whoconsidersamplificationtobeahypernymof
explicitationandaddition:
L
)amplificationformelleouqualitativequiconsisteàverbaliserlesinformations
implicites,contenuesdansletextededépart.Cetypedeprocédéestlibrequant
ásonexistencecarildépendduchoixdutraducteur;parcontreilestdéterminé
quantásoncontenueparlatotalitéd)informationsimplicitesetexplicitesdans
l)original.Cettemodificationestappeléeparcertainsauteurs«explicitation».
(Szeflińska-Karkowska2001:445)
Theothertypeofamplificationmentionedbytheauthorisquantitativeampli-
fication,whichinvolvesinsertingadditionalelementsabsentfromthesource
textandwhichinvariablyleadstoexpandingthetargettext.Thisdistinction
betweenqualitativeandquantitativeamplificationseemstobecorrespondingto
thetwopreviouslymentionedmanifestationsofexplicitation:physicaladdition
andspecification.Note,however,thatinthisapproach,onlyspecification,that
is,qualitativeamplification,isrecognisedasexplicitation.
Anothertermthatappearsinthecontextofthediscussiononexplicitation
isovertranslation.Althoughnoneoftheexistingsourcesequalsanymanifes-
tationsofexplicitationwithovertranslation,aswasthecasewithadditionor
6
RatherthanreferringtotheclassificationofKlaudy,weshallusethetermoptionalto
indicateexplicitationwhichisnotmandatoryandwithoutwhichthetextremainslinguistically
correctandnatural.
