Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
leadsnotonlytothephysicalappropriationofthedesirablegoodsbutalsototheir
mentalappropriation,inthatthedesirablegoodsareseenandcognised.
Ifwegofurther,wecouldsaythatthepoetsoftheRVperceivedthenatural
processesasderivedfromsocialeventsandmentalacts.Fromtheirpointofview
socialeventsandmentalactscausedthesuntorise,raintofallandriverstoflow.
Suchaconceptualisationoftheworldinwhichthehumanbeingisboththeefficient
andthefinalcauseofthecosmicprocessesisdeeplyanthropocentric.
1.4.2.Generaldomains
Theresearchdoneincognitivepsychologyhasshownthatthewayweconstruct
categoriesdependsoncognitionandonoureverydayinteractionwiththeworld.The
levelofcategories,whichispsychologicallymostbasic,liesbetweenthesuperordinate
andsubordinatelevelsofthetaxonomichierarchies.Forexample,categoriessuch
as“dog”or“chair”aresituatedbetween“animal”,“furniture”(superordinatelevel)
and“retriever”,“rocker”(subordinatelevel).Theyhaveanoverallperceivedshape
whichismentallyrepresentedbyasingleimage(Lakoff1987:46–47)32.
TheÇgvedicgeneraldomainsaresuperordinatecategoriesevokedbyvarious
conceptsbelongingtothebasiclevelofagiventaxonomyandtheirlinguistic
expressions.Inmostcases,thereisanadditionallevel(oreventwo)between
thegeneraldomainandthebasiclevel;theselevelswillbecalledthespecific
realisationsofagivendomain.Eachgeneraldomainservesasthesourcedomain
forseveraltargetdomains.Mappingsarestronglyconventionalised.Generaldomains
arepurelyconceptualphenomenaanddonothavealinguisticcounterpartbutthey
canbereconstructedthoughtheusageoflinguisticitemsatthecorrespondingbasic
level.
Thegeneraldomainsrefertonaturalphenomena,objectsandactivities.The
generaldomainsreferringtonaturalphenomenaareWaterandARockyHill.The
generaldomainwhichreferstoobjectsisAVesselFilledWithLiquid.Thegeneral
domainswhichrefertoactionsareProcreation,CreationOfSpace,FindingThe
Hidden,FreeingCowsandCleansingByHeat33.
Thegeneraldomainscanbeactivatedintheirschematic,superordinateformor
canbeelaboratedbythestanzas.Inthefirstcase,theyprovidetheirtargetdomains
withorganisingframesandtopology;inthecaseofconceptualblends,theyoften
provideorganisingframesforthewholeconceptualnetworkandgiveitconsistency.
Ifelaborated,theyalsofacilitateunderstandingofanabstractconceptintermsof
amoreconcreteoneandhighlightvariousaspectsoftheirtargetdomains,orthe
conceptsinfocus,intheblends.Finally,thegeneraldomainspromptactivation
(oftenmetonymically)ofotherconceptualdomains.
32
Theseimagesaretheeasiesttoberemembered,cf.Paivio1983:11–13.
33
ForsurveyofgeneraldomainsseeAppendix3.
38
