Treść książki

Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
20
DariuszKubok
inthetheoryofknowledge(mostfrequentlytiedwithI.Kant’sdoc-
trineandtheso-calledmCopernicanRevolution”),criticismcanbe
understoodbroadlyjasapositionconsistingintheabilitytoseparate
bothcognizedareasandmethodsofcognition,intheabilitytojudge
andevaluate,aswellasinanemphasisontheanti-dogmaticapproach.
Alreadyinthe19thcentury,Kantiancriticismbegantobedistin-
guishedfromcriticalphilosophy.NeocriticistAloisRiehlinDerPhilos-
ophischeKritizismusmentionstheancientsourcesofcriticismandcites
theviewsoftheEleaticsandDemocritus.Modernscholarsalsotake
upthisproblemanddiscussotherpossiblesourcesofcriticism,agood
exampleofwhichisErnstHeitsch’sbookXenophanesunddieAnfänge
kritischenDenkens.KarlPopperalsogivesmuchattentiontotheidea
ofcriticisminearlyGreekthought,especiallyinBacktothePresocrat-
icsandinthebookTheWorldofParmenides:EssaysonthePresocratic
Enlightenment,publishedpostmortem.Incontrasttomanyhistori-
ansofphilosophy,whotreatearlyGreekthoughtalmostexclusively
ascosmologyandontology,thisthinkerclearlyappreciatesthevalue
oftheepistemologicalreflectionpresentinearlyGreekthought.Pop-
per’sviewsareofvaluablehelpinthestudyofGreekcriticismandits
sources,thoughabroaderperspectiveshouldbetakeninrecogniz-
ingthecriticalattitudethanhispreferredpositionofcriticalratio-
nalism.Weshouldalsonotethatinsecondaryliteraturetheproblem
ofcriticismiswidelyanalyzed,butmainlyonthegroundsofphilology,
asliterarycriticism.Forinstance,inreferencetoearlyGreekthought,
itisworthnamingtheworksofA.Ford,16G.Kennedy,17D.A.Russell,18
W.J.Verdenius,
19
andR.Harriott.
20
Thus,weshoulddistinguishliterary
16
AndrewFord,TheOriginsofCriticism.LiteraryCultureandPoeticTheoryinClassical
Greece(Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress,2002).
17GeorgeAlexanderKennedy,ed.,TheCambridgeHistoryofLiteraryCriticism(Cambridge:
CambridgeUniversityPress,1989).
18
DonaldA.Russell,CriticisminAntiquity(BerkeleyandLosAngeles:University
ofCaliforniaPress,1981).
19
WillemJacobVerdenius,mThePrinciplesofGreekLiteraryCriticism,”Mnemosyne36(1983).
20RosemaryHarriott,PoetryandCriticismbeforePlato(London:Methuen,1969).