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ChangesinAirTemperatureinPolandatAroundNoonintheYears1951-2018
thevaluesoflineartrendswerecalculatedand
theirstatisticalsignificanceatalevelof0.05was
determinedbasedontheparametrict-Student
test.Teoccurringtemperatureanomalieswere
9
analysedusingthedeviationsoftemperature
valuesfromthelong-termaverage,whichwere
subsequentlysmoothedbymeansof10-year
movingaverages.
3.Results
Teaverageyearlyvaluesofairtemperatureat
12p.m.UTCintheyears1951-2018ranged
from10.1OCinKołobrzegto12.3OCinKraków,
whilethecalculatedvaluesofdeviationindi-
catethatatthetimeKrakowfeaturedmore
diversethermalconditionsthanthecoastal
area.Averageannualtemperaturevaluesfor
theindividualseasonsindicatethatthegreatest
dińerencesbetweenstationsathoursaround
noonoccurredinspring,withthesmallestones
inautumnandwinter,andKrakowwasthe
warmeststationthroughouttheyear(Table2).
AlthoughKrakówwasonaverageather-
mallyprivilegedstation,itfeaturedthelowest
minimumvaluesinthespring-summerperiod
ofalltheinvestigatedstations,whilethelowest
minimainautumnandwinterat12p.m.UTC
wererecordedinPoznań.Ontheotherhand,
middaymaximainallseasonsoftheyearhad
theirhighestvaluesinKraków,wherethey
exceeded30.0OCalmosttheentireyearwiththe
exceptionofwinter(Table2).
Augustwasthemonthwiththehighestair
temperatureat12p.m.UTCinKołobrzeg,
withanaveragevalueof19.6OCandamaxi-
mumreaching36.9OC;inPoznańitwasJuly,
characterisedbyanaverageairtemperatureof
22.3OCandamaximumof36.2OC.InKraków,
thesamevaluesofaveragemonthlyairtem-
peratureamountingto23.0OCwererecordedin
JulyandAugust,whilethemaximawere35.4OC
inJulyand36.9OCinAugust,respectively.On
theotherhand,thelowestairtemperaturesat
hoursaroundnoonweremeasuredinJanuary,
withmonthlyaveragesof0.7OCinKołobrzeg,
-0.1OCinPoznań,0.1OCinKrakówandmin-
Table2.Monthly,seasonalandannualvaluesofairtemperature,standarddeviationaswellasminimumandmax-
imumairtemperature[OC]at12p.m.UTCintheyears1951-2018(Author’sowncalculationbasedonIMGW
dataobtainedfromhttps://dane.imgw.pl/data/dane_pomiarowo_obserwacyjne)
Kołobrzeg
σ
t
min
t
śr
t
max
t
śr
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
spring
summer
autumn
winter
0.7
1.5
4.6
8.6
13.0
16.7
19.3
19.6
16.5
11.8
6.0
2.2
11.5
18.7
8.0
1.8
10.1
4.3
-17.1
4.1
-16.1
4.1
-8.4
4.7
-1.0
4.6
1.8
3.8
7.3
3.4
10.2
3.4
11.3
3.4
6.5
3.6
0.6
3.6
-8.0
4.1
-18.1
5.6
-2.4
3.5
7.9
5.5
-11.7
4.4
-18.1
7.8
-18.1
12.7
16.8
22.4
28.4
30.7
33.1
34.7
36.9
31.4
25.7
19.3
13.2
32.9
36.9
25.7
19.2
36.9
-0.1
1.2
5.8
11.9
17.3
20.5
22.3
22.1
17.7
12.1
5.6
1.4
15.1
21.1
7.8
1.5
11.5
year
Poznań
σ
t
min
Kraków
σ
t
min
t
max
t
śr
t
max
5.1
-22.2
5.0
-19.4
5.1
-12.2
5.4
-1.6
5.2
0.4
4.7
8.9
4.7
9.5
4.4
11.0
4.4
7.4
4.4
-2.2
4.3
-10.1
4.6
-19.1
6.6
-5.7
4.8
9.1
6.4
-15.7
5.3
-22.2
9.4
-22.2
13.4
16.2
22.6
29.7
30.6
35.2
36.2
36.2
33.9
27.6
19.3
14.6
35.0
36.2
27.6
20.1
36.2
0.1
1.8
6.6
13.0
18.2
21.2
23.0
23.0
18.5
13.2
6.5
1.7
16.0
22.0
8.7
1.9
12.3
5.7
-18.6
5.7
-21.8
5.9
-11.1
5.9
-0.8
5.5
1.6
4.9
7.3
4.8
10.4
4.8
9.8
4.9
6.2
5.2
-1.1
5.1
-8.4
5.0
-18.7
6.8
-7.2
5.1
7.2
7.1
-14.8
6.0
-21.8
9.8
-21.8
17.1
20.3
23.8
30.7
33.1
33.9
35.4
36.9
34.7
27.4
23.1
18.6
33.9
36.9
30.2
22.8
36.9
