Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
GEOGRAPHYANDTOURISM,Vol.7,No.2(2019),7-18,Semi-AnnualJournal
eISSN2449-9706,ISSN2353-4524,DOI:10.36122/GAT20190709
©CopyrightbyKazimierzWielkiUniversityPress,2019.AllRightsReserved.http://geography.and.tourism.ukw.edu.pl
MonikaOkoniewska
KazimierzWielkiUniversity,InstituteofGeography,Bydgoszcz,Poland,
ORICD:0000-0002-9724-8947,corespondingautoremail:monika.okoniewska@ukw.edu.pl
ChangesinAirTemperatureinPoland
atAroundNoonintheYears1951-2018
Abstract:TepapercharacterisesthevariabilityofthermalconditionsinPolandataroundnoonintheyears1951-2018.
BasedonthedatafromKołobrzeg,PoznańandKraków,theaveragemonthly,seasonalandannualvaluesofairtempera-
turewerecalculatedalongwithstandarddeviation,maximumandminimumtemperaturevalues,aswellastheaverage
valuesoftemperatureintheconsecutivedecadesofthestudiedperiod.Moreover,valuesoflineartrendsweredetermined
alongwithstatisticalsignificanceatalevelof0.05,aswellasvaluesofthedeviationsoftemperaturefromalong-term
average,whichweresmoothedbymeansof10-yearmovingaverages.Teresearchindicatedastatisticallysignificant
increaseinairtemperature,bothannualandinindividualseasons.Particularlynoticeablewarmingwasnotedinthe
winter-springperiod,especiallyinKrakow;thesmallestoneoccurredinautumn.Teincreaseintemperatureinthe
studiedyearswasinfluencedmostlybytheyears2011-2018.Also,highercontrastofthermalconditionscomparedto
otherseasonsoftheyearwasobservedinthewinter-springseason.
Keywords:climatewarming,airtemperature,long-termvariance,lineartrend,Poland,hoursaroundnoon
1.Introduction
Climatechangesobservednowadayson
Earthmanifestthemselvesprimarilybythe
increasingairtemperature.Teresearchindi-
catesthatcomparedtothepre-industrialage,
theaverageglobaltemperatureoftheplanet
increasedbyabout1.0OC,whichwascaused
primarilybytheactivityofman(IPCC,2014,
2018).Climatechangesinspecificpartsof
Earthproceedatvariousratesandtheyhave
avaryingnature.InCentralEurope,aclear
increaseintemperaturewasnoticedstarting
fromthemid-19thcentury,whichisconsid-
eredthebeginningofcontemporarywarming
(Obrębska-Starklowa,1997).Studiesoncli-
maticchangesinPolandindicatethatsincethe
1950stherehasbeenastatisticallysignificant
increaseintheaverageannualairtempera-
tureintheentirecountry,andtherateofthis
warmingslightlyexceeded0.2OCper10years,
reachingitsmaximumbetweenwinterand
spring(Michalska,2011;WójcikandMiętus,
2014).
Anincreaseintemperatureisassociated
withseriousconsequencesbothforthefunc-
tioningoftheentiresociety,aswellasforthe
healthandlifeofindividuals.Terisksinclude
primarilyanincreasednumberofillnessesand
deathsrelatedtoadverseweatherconditions,i.e.
excessivemortalitycausedbyheats,increased
riskofskincancer,presenceofinvasivecarriers
ofinfectiousdiseases,earlyandincreasedsea-
sonalproductionofallergicpollens,ormore
frequentandrapidoccurrencesofextreme
weatherevents,suchasstrongwinds,storms,
floodsordroughts(Kundzewicz,2012;Błaże-
jczyketal.,2015;Gawlik,2015).Terecorded
increaseinairtemperatureonanannualor
monthlybasisalsomeansthatwarmingisalso
tobeexpectedathoursaroundnoon,whichis
thetimeofmostintensehumanactivityduring
theday.Terefore,itseemsimportanttoinves-
tigatewhetherthistimeofthedayundergoes
changesatalargerorsmallerscale,andwhat
thenatureofthesechangesis.Teobjectiveof
