Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
itsarticles.
7Thesereferencestorulesandstandardsbroaden,toacertainextent,the
Tribunal’sjurisdictionsoastoincludetechnicalmaritimemattersconcerning
navigation,
8suchascollision,safetyatseaandtrafficseparation.
Inmanyinstances,asshowninitscase-law,theTribunalhasbeenableto
solvemostlegalissuesraisedinthecontextofadisputesubmittedtoitwithinthe
frameworkoftheprovisionsoftheConvention.Indeed,inanumberofcases
entertainedbytheTribunal,theprovisionsoftheConventionprovidedallthe
necessarylegalguidance.
IntheabsenceofsufficientguidancefromtheConvention,however,the
Tribunalalsoapplies“otherrulesofinternationallawnotincompatiblewiththe
Convention”,asmandatedbyarticle293,paragraph1.
9Thereferenceto“other
rulesofinternationallaw”inarticle293oftheConventionshouldbeunderstoodto
includerulesofcustomaryinternationallaw,generalprinciplesofthelawwhich
arecommontothemajorlegalsystemsoftheworldtransposedintothe
internationallegalsystem,
10andrulesofaconventionalnature.
Theapplicationofthenormsofcustomarylawandgeneralprinciplesoflaw
becomesrelevant,asevidencedintheTribunal’sjurisprudence,insituations
where,tousetheterminologyoftheInternationalLawCommission,theprovisions
oftheConventionare“unclearoropentextured”;where“thetermsorconcepts
usedinthe[Convention]haveanestablishedmeaningincustomarylaworunder
generalprinciplesoflaw”;orwheretheConventiondoesnotprovidesufficient
guidance.
11
Howhavethesedifferentmanifestationsofrecourseto“otherrulesof
internationallaw”beenarticulatedinthecasesresolvedbytheTribunal?The
Tribunalhasdoneso,especiallybyresortingtorelevantpronouncementsofother
internationalcourtsandtribunals,asameanstoidentifyrelevantrulesof
customarylawandgeneralprinciplesoflawtosupportitslegalfindingsand
positions.Ithasalsoreferredtocertaintreatysources,thoughsparingly.
3.ProspectsforthefutureworkoftheTribunal
WhataretheprospectsforthefuturejudicialworkoftheTribunal?The
Tribunalisanewjudicialinstitutionthatreceiveditsfirstcasein1998,asalready
mentioned.Sincethen,ithasbeenbuildingitsdocket,casebycase.Itspacehas
beencomparabletothatofotherinternationalcourtsintheearlyyearsoftheir
7See,interalia,articles24(4),39(2),41(3),53(8),94(2a),and95(5)oftheConvention.
8DavidAnderson,TheEnforcementofInternationalMaritimeRulesandStandards,(in:)Modern
LawoftheSea,SelectedEssays,MartinusNijhoff,Boston2008,vol.59,p.253.
9Seeart.293,paragraph1,andAnnexVI,arts.23and38,oftheConvention.
10R.R.Churchill,A.V.Lowe,TheLawoftheSea,3rded.,JurisPublishing,Huntington1999.
11SeethedraftconclusionsoftheworkoftheStudyGroupoftheInternationalLawCommission
onthefragmentationofinternationallaw:difficultiesarisingfromthediversificationandexpansion
ofinternationallaw(A/CN.4/L.682/Add.1),2May2006.
23
