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1.1.meEuropeanConventiononHumanRights…
23
wordsmaydoubtlesslybeinterpretedasaconfirmationofthestatusof
boththebornandunbornchildasalreadybeingbonafidemembersof
thehomosapiensspeciesforthosealreadyconvincedofafoetus’shuman
status–apointofviewwhichstandsfirm,accordingtosuchpeople,
ineventheearlieststagesofanunbornchild’sdevelopment.Similarly,
Art.3ofmeDeclaration,whichrecognizeseveryone’srighttolife,may
beconstruedasincludingwithinitsscopeindividuals–albeitintheir
prenatalstages–asbeinghuman;here,thisisaconclusionthatcould
easilybedrawnbytheabove-mentionedgroupofpeople.mehistorical
contextwearereferringtoatthisjunctureis,however,inoppositionto
thisparticularinterpretationofmeDeclaration.Letusrememberthat
thehistoricalcontext7(accordingtoArt.32ofmeViennaConven-
tionontheLawofTreaties),incasesinwhichtheexactmeaningofthe
oIcial,relatedwordingiseitherambiguousorobscure,willbecome
legallyrelevantandactasaformofinterpretativeslantuponthematters
inquestion.WhilstbearinginmindthebackgroundofmeDeclara-
tionofHumanRights8,itshouldnonethelessberecognizedthatthose
Kbarbarousactswhichhaveoutragedtheconscienceofmankind”,as
mentionedinthepreamble,relate,aboveall,tobeingswhohavealready
beenborn,anditisnoneotherthanthesewhoaretakenintoconsidera-
tionincertainarticlesofmeDeclaration.
WhilstexaminingthemeViennaConvention,theaboveprovision
foundthereinmentionseventhenotionoftakingintoconsiderationthe
7
J.Morsink,meUnivesalDeclarationofHumanRights:Origins,Drafting,andIn-
tent,Philadelphia2000,pp.32–91;M.Freeman,Prawaczłowieka,Warszawa2007,
pp.44–46.
8
Ofcourse,meViennaConventionontheLawofTreatieswasadoptedmorethan
twentyyearsafterthatofmeUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights,andassuch–
andinconnectionwiththelatter’sclearlyarticulatedArt.4ontheprohibitiononany
retroactivity–isinnopositiontoimposeanycriteriauponinterpretationsinrelation
tomeDeclaration.Anyappeal,therefore,totheinterpretativerulescontainedinme
ViennaConventionshould,inthiscase,serveonlyinhighlightingrecognizedcontem-
porarycanonsinthedecodingofthesaidlegislation,which–asaresultoftheevolution
oftheinterpretativeinstrumentstohand–mayshedsomelightonourunderstanding
oftheregulationsaslaidoutinmeDeclaration.
