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Chapter1.melegalstatusofhumanlife…
arereducedtonothingmorethanvainundertakings.meexistenceofan
individual,despitethemultitudinousaspectsthatofcourselietherein,
andnotallofwhich,admittedly,canbesaidtoreducetheindividual
toapurelyphysicalbeing–thiswillneverthelessremainanexistence
whichhaspreciselyitsbiologicalaspectstothankforitseverhaving
beenabletobebroughtintobeing.meabove-mentionedsafeguarding
ofthefundamentalbiologicalprocessesandelementsofthefunctions
ofanylifewouldappeartoholdasinequanonstatusintheconception
ofanymeaningfulhumanrightsprotectionmechanism.Asdulynoted
bymomasHobbes,JohnLocke,andJean-JacquesRousseau–toname
butafew–itwasessentiallythisdesiretoensuretheprotectionofthe
foundationsuponwhichallhumanexistenceisbased,whichwasulti-
matelythedrivingforcebehindtheSocialContractand,consequently,
thecreationoftheState5.
menecessitytoensuretheprotectionofeveryhumanlifebecame
evenmoreindispensableandrelevantinthelightofthecatastrophic
eventsoftheSecondWorldWar.KBarbarousactswhichhaveoutraged
theconscienceofmankind”wouldneveragainbepermissible.meUN
GeneralAssembly,on10thDecember,1948,dulyapprovedmeUniver-
salDeclarationofHumanRights.InthisAct,theUnitedNationsclearly
stressedthatthe:Krecognitionoftheinherentdignityandtheequaland
inalienablerightsofallmembersofthehumanfamilyisthefoundation
offreedom,justiceandpeaceintheworld”6.
mehistoricalcontextoflegalsystemsaimedatprotectinghuman
lifeisappositeatthispoint,inasmuchasitisthiscontextwhichdeter-
minesthewayinwhichthetermKeveryone”istobeunderstoodwhenit
surfacesintreatises;onceagain,itisahistoricalcontextwhichprovides
animportantinsightallowingustobegintocomprehendatwhichexact,
initialmoment,lawsinregardtotheprotectionofhumanlifeshould
bebroughtintoforce.InmeUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights,
Art.1,intheveryfirstsentence,thefollowing,familiar,wordsappear:
KAllhumanbeingsarebornfreeandequalindignityandrights”.mese
5
B.Russell,Dziejefilozofiizachodu,Warszawa2000,pp.633–635,712–723,792–795.
6
mePreambleofmeUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights.
