Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
16
I.CultureataCrossroads
unitwasconfinedtotheacquisitionofelementsoftheimposedstructureand
socialreality.Temodernworld,whichexposesthevictoryofindividualismover
collectivism,changedthewayinwhichtheidentityofthesocialactorisbuilt
(Flis2004:17).Amodernmanthinks,acts,andthusshapeshislherownidentity
intheenvironmentofmanycultures.Tisbehaviourisintentionalandisbased
ontheideaofconstructivismwhichforcesamantoactsoftransgression,that
is,actsofcontinuouscreatingandmodifyingtheunit)sidentification,aswellas
creatingandinventingsubjectiveworlds.Teidentityofamodernmanisthus
characterisedbyanumberofdimensionswhich,accordingtoAnthonyGiddens,
focusonthefollowingthree:
a)reflexiveuself,”whichiscontinuousandall-encompassing;
b)temporality,meaningthattheindividualidentitycreatesatrajectoryofdevel-
opmentfromthepasttotheanticipatedfuture;
c)narrativeleadingtothemaintenanceofanintegratedsenseofuself.”Itisalso
abalancebetweentheopportunityandtherisk,andthesenseofbeinghonest
withoneself(Giddens2001:104-112).
Teprocessofshapingtheidentityofasocialactortakesplaceinaparticular
socialrealitywhichtodayischaracterisedbythemutualcoexistenceandinter-
minglingofdińerentcultures.Accordingly,aproblemofindividualidentityin
themulti-culturalsocialrealityarises.byundertakingthetaskofanalysingthe
identityofcontemporaryindividuals,onemustrememberthatintheglobalised
world,therestillexistmanycommunitiesthatmaintaintheirtraditionalidentity
basedprimarilyonthecommonlysharedterritoryandnationalisticnatureof
socialandculturalstructures.NumerousAfricantribes,andamongthemthe
HadzatribelivingontheterritoryofnorthernTanzania,andleadingthelife
similartothatfrom10,000yearsago,constituteexcellentexamples.Tepointof
referenceinshapingtheiridentitiesis,primarily,theirterritorywheretheygrow
onionsandcorn,breedcattleandgoats,andownfourobjects:bow,arrows,knife,
andpipe.Teystillusetheirlanguage,anddanceepeme,althoughcivilisation
enterstheirworldmoreandmorefrequently(Finkel2010:35-58).Tereareless
andlesscommunitieslikethisintheworld,butstill,therearemany.Terefore,
theanalysisofthetransformationsofmodernsocietiesshouldbeaccompanied
byreflectionontheelementswhicharetraditionalandestablishedinscientific
researchandtheoreticalconsiderations.
CarouselofIdentity:HomoFaber,HomoViator…
Identityunderstoodinatraditionalway,asitispreservedinthesociological
literature,relatesprimarilytotheinterpersonalrelationshipsandisconnected
withhumanattachmenttoaparticularplace.Suchidentificationischaracteristic
oftwoworlds,thefirstofwhichistheidentityofthemodernworld,andthe
