Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
IdentityintheMulticulturalWorld
Greektermatopon(gr.,átopos-Cwithoutaplace,)Cplaceanywhere)).Itmeans
somethingdeprivedofspace,whichescapesfixedschemesandraisesamazement
(dziuban2008:303),andconsequently,theneedforscientificdescriptionand
explanation.Inthesphereoftheseconsiderations,theperceptionoftime,which
doesnothavelinearandcontinuouscharacterbutisacollectionofepisodeswith
nochronologicalorder,becomesimportant.Tisistheresultofmoderncom-
pressionandtyrannyoftimewhichtreatseachstatereachedtodayastemporary.
Postmodernismthat,firstofall,meansbreakingwiththeideaoftheworldasan
ongoingproject,forcesanindividualintothemodernworld,whichispluralistic,
consistingofautonomousareasandpositionsofpower,self-constitutedandnot
determinedbyanythingbesideitsownmovement.
Amongthemostimportantconsequencesofthisstate,onecanfindplural-
ismandculturaldiversityaswellasthemultiplicityofdiscourses.Teculture
withthefundamentalaxionormativesystem,whichwasanenclaveofmodern
order,perfection,andprevailedoverhumanaction,todayislosingitsposition
ofastronglyintegratingfactor.Socialeventsbecomedynamicanddetachthe
unitandthesociallifefromtheestablishedpatternsandpractices.Asaresult,
reflexivityisdeveloping(Giddens2006:687-691),meaningthattherelationship
ofanindividualwiththeworldissubjectedtorevisionduetoexposuretonew
experiences(contactwithdińerentcultures)andnewknowledge.Hierarchical
systemsofvaluesdiedandthedominantformtodayistheworldofdiversecul-
turesinasocialspace-theworld,whichhasproducedanewtypeofidentity
requiringscientificreflectionandredefinition.
Humanbeingoflatemodernity(postmodernity)canthereforebedefinedas
homoviator(lat.Ctraveler,
)Cpilgrim)).Helsheisamanontheway,atraveleranda
wanderer.AnarchetypeofahumanwandererisfoundinthebookofGenesis-it
isamanwhowasbanishedfromparadiseandstillwandersinthesearchofgood.
TeJewswillthereforetraveltothePromisedLand,whereasChristianswillstrive
tobehappy,anditwillbehappinessthatisunderstooddiversely,forexample,as
thefreedomoftheirhomeland.TeaimoftheChristiansistoachieveeternal
life.Inisolationfromthereligiouscontext,homoviatorfunctionsinthesenseof
wanderinginsearchoftheultimatemeaningofexistence.Homoviator-topos,
amantravellingonajourneyfullofadventures,apilgrim,anemigrant,andin
literature,amongothers,Odysseus-theheroofTeOdysseybyHomer.Heis
amedievalsymbolofhumanfate,toposofamanwhoistravelling,wandering,
which,amongothers,wasaninspirationforUlysses,anovelbyJamesJoyce,or
TeReturnofOdysseus,adramabyournativewriterStanisławWyspiański.Te
termhomoviatoralsofounditsplaceinthethoughtofGabrielHonoréMarcel.
TisFrenchphilosopher,religiousthinkerandco-founderofChristianexisten-
tialism,usedthetermhomoviatortodescribeamanconstantlypursuingthe
fullnessofhumanityandparticipatinginthehardshipsoflife.Itisawanderer.
Inlatemodernityitisamanlookingforhislherownplace.
19
