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INNOVATIONSFORSOCIALLYCREATINGASUSTAINABLEFUTURE
morerequiredinsituationsofsocialinaction,inertia,errorsindecisions,irrationality,
stupidityinpolitics,andpoormanagement.Globaluncertaintyandmarketspontaneityare
subsequentlydifcultchallengesforinnovationefortsandpolicies.Dominationoftech-
nologicalinnovations,withoutotheraccompanying-andfromanecessarysystemsview
-typesofinnovations,producesakindofdisequilibrium.Innovations’compatibilityand
interconnectionsmaycreateasynergyindevelopmentalprocessesandefortsservingthe
sustainabilityfuture.Theaforementionedchallengesandbarrierscandetermineareasand
directionsofinnovativeactivitiesforgovernments,businesses,andcitizens(civilsociety
inotherwords).
Prospectivethinkingisanimportantinnovationbecauseitisovercomingsocial(sci-
entificaswell)scepticismrelatedtothefutureprognoses.However,forexample,ineco-
nomicstheforecastingiswellgrounded.Imaginedfutures(Beckert,2013)andsocial
expectations(e.g.Brown,Michael,2003)mayinfluencepolicyandbusinessbehaviour,
andconsumersmayshapetechnologyandinnovation(Pollock,Williams,2010).Societal
engagementisbasic(whichprovesforesight).Activeparticipationinproducingknowledge
abouttheeconomicfutureshouldhaveaformofnetworkcommunicationandcoproduc-
tionofpredictionsbyforecastersandtheirnetworkofvariousrepresentativesofeconomic
science,business,politics,andgovernment.Itiscalledepistemicparticipation(Reich-
mann,2013),which“conceptualizestherelationshipbetweenresearchersandahighly
reflexiveandcommunicativeobject”.Producingknowledgeaboutthefutureisnotaguess
aboutbutratherinventingandco-shapingthefuture(seee.g.Zacher,2010).Well-known
objections-fromPoppertoTaleb-arenotreallyapplicableinunderstandingfuturethink-
ing,whichcanbevaluableforpoliticaldecision-making,givingitaninnovativeimpetus.
Thewarningfunctionofforecastschallengesoptimisticexpectationsandpolicies,e.g.
innaturalresourcesanddemography(e.g.reportsoftheClubofRomeandotherreports
forecastingvarious“limitstogrowth”,andbiotechrisks-Tutton,2011).
Soreportingtheabovecasesandexperimentshastoencouragecitizenstoengage-
innovatively-inknowledgeproductionandinscienceandtechnologyoutputsandtheir
impacts.Participatoryengagementdistinguishesanticipationfromprediction(madesolely
byexperts).Anticipatorythinkingintroducedtopolicyandstrategicplanningisdedi-
catedtoreducingoreliminatingexantenegativesideefectsofscienceandtechnology.It
isintellectuallyconnectedwithTofer’sideaof“anticipatorydemocracy”(Bezold,1978).
Anticipatorythinking,asendorsedbytheevaluationofinnovationoutcomes,isaninno-
vationitself,whichisstillimportantandneeded.Since1970ithasbeenintegratedinto
concepts,theories,andproceduresoftechnologyassessment,socialimpactassessment,or
impactassessment.Evaluatingprobablenegativesideefectsofintroducedtechnologies
intopracticeisstillaveryinnovativewayofgaugingcitizens’engagement.Participation
producesvitalknowledgeonpeople’simaginingsofthefuture,ontheirexpectationsand
fears,andontheirthinkingaboutadistributionofgoodandbadfruitsofnewtechnologies.
TechnologyassessmentinventedintheUSisnowmorevividinWesternEurope(mostly
inGermany-seeGrunwald,2000)andalmostunknowninEasternEurope.However,
eveninlessadvancedcountriessuchissuesastechnologytransfer,technologicalFDI,new
largeconstructions,andenergyinstallationsgeneratesocialunrestandprotests.“Antic-
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