Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
18
KV1
1.InternationalBusinessandRelatedFieldsofStudy
state,industry,sector,region,company,consumers,andentrepreneurs–and
bothwithrespecttorealandregulativerelations.Eachoftheseareascomeswith
itsownsetofdeterminants.
Conceptofinternationalbusiness
AccordingtoNowakowski,internationalbusinessrepresentstransactions
designedandconductedacrossnationalandculturalborderswiththepurposeof
addressingthespecificneedsofprospectivepurchasers–individuals,business
entitiesandorganisations[Nowakowski(ed.)2005,p.19].Assuch,itmay
bepresentedasthespacedefinedbyseveraloverlappingorcomplementary
disciplines,namely:internationalmanagement,internationalmarketing,global
marketing(asasubsystemoftheformer),andinternationalfinance.
ShenkardefinesIBasafieldcombininggeneralknowledgeofbusiness
operationoninternationalmarketswithregionalknow-how[Shenkar2004].
Bothoftheabovecomponentsformasortofa[knowledgeplatform’basedon
theoreticalfundamentsanddifficulttoreplicatebyothers.Generalknowledge
referencessuchfundamentalareasasinternationalinstitutions,tradeagreements,
regionalorganisations,etc.,whileregionalknow-howdescribesthecultural,
religious,politicalandeconomicdeterminantsofspecificcountriesandregions.
IBoffersthepotentialtoexplaincorporatebehavioursonlocalmarketsinthe
contextoftheabovedeterminants–andthisisanexceptionallyusefulproperty.
GriffinandPustayemphasisethefactthatinternationalbusinesscoversthe
economictransactionsconductedbetweenagentsrepresentingmorethanone
country[Griffin,Pustay2007,p.5].Goodexamplesofsuchtransactionsinclude
purchaseandsupplyofmaterialresourcestoforeignrecipientswiththeintention
ofutilisingtheminproductionprocesses,thesupplyofready-madeproducts
acrossnationalbordersforwholesalepurposes,relocationofproductiontocut
thecostoflabour,andsoon.Thistypeoftransactionsmayinvolvenatural
persons,privatelyownedenterprises,companygroupings,andgovernment
agencies.
BallandMcCullochpointoutanimportantdeterminantofinternational
businessoperations[Ball,McCulloch1990,pp.13–14],namelythatcompanies
operatingacrossnationalbordersmustbecapableofnavigatingthreedistinct
environments–thelocalenvironmentofthecountryoforigin,thedestination
environmentofthecountrytargetedbyitsbusinessexpansion,andtheglobal
environmentofinternationalbusiness.
Goryniapostulatesthattheterm[internationalbusiness’initsbroadsense
beusedwithreferencetoalltypesofeconomicactivitythatinvolvemorethan
onecountry,regardlessofthespecificitycharacteristicsoftheagentsinvolved
(beitcountries,industries,sectors,regions,consumersorentrepreneurs),and
irrespectiveofthetypeofsuchspecificitycharacteristics(realvs.regulatory)
[Gorynia2012,p.45].Expandingontheabovedefinition,theauthorproposes