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Okontekściekulturowym
EwaKosowska
Theculturalcontext
Summary
Theconceptoftheculturalcontextbecamefirmlyestablishedintheanthropological
discourseinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,interaliaasaresultoftheinspira-
tionfurnishedbylinguisticpursuits.Contextualresearch,bothinlinguisticsandin
anthropology,refersbytheverynatureofthingstothepaternsofbehaviourwhich
wereformedinthepast.Thedevelopmentoftheparticularethniclanguageswhich
generatedpeculiarsystemsofcommunicationofaparticulargroupofuserswasassoci-
atedduringarelativelylongperiodoftimewiththedevelopmentofrelativelydissimilar
cultures,whosecarriersquitefrequentlyrecognisedfamiliarsolutions,transmitedfrom
onegenerationtoanother,astheonlylegitimateandworthwhileones.Theprinciple
“one’sown–foreign”demandedtohonournotonlytheoutputofone’sowncommunity
butalsototreatitasmodeloutput,whichwassupposedtobedisseminatedamong
otherpeople(culturalexpansion)oratleasttobeprotectedagainstforeigninfluence
(culturalsafeguarding).Inter-groupcontacts,whichresultedinthepercolationofsub-
jects,paternsofbehaviour,andideasbetweencultures,whichwerefamiliarforalong
time,whichassumevariousforms,andwhichnowadaysaredisseminatedonanun-
precedentedscale,werenotheldinallperiodsinsuchhighestimationastheyaretoday.
Thereforethedevelopmentoftheparticularcultures,relativelyisolatedonesandlefto
theirowndevicestoaconsiderableextent,proceededatvariousratesandbroughtabout
thediversitywhichontheonehandtheadherentsofglobalisationatempttominimise,
andontheotherhand–touseinpursuitofoptimal,commonlyefectivesolutions.
Theaccomplishmentsofscientificandtechnicalcivilisationcontinuetounifythe
materiallayerofmanyculturesoftheworld,suggestinginanindirectwaythatinother
dimensionssuchunificationisnotonlypossiblebuteveninevitable.However,weare
dealingwithprocessesandmechanismswhosefunctioningeludescontrolandsome-
timesmakesitselfmanifestinunexpectedways.
Thereforeasweexaminecloserthiscomplexphenomenon,whichbecametheobject
oftheatentionoftheparticipantsoftheconferenceandaswestudythepossiblerange
ofadaptationofyogainEurope,itisworthwhiletorememberaboutthediversecultural
contextswhichnowadaysinfluencetheextenttowhichitsparticularelements/aspects/
dimensionsareunderstoodandaccepted.
Keywords:yoga,culturalcontext
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