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Foreword
25
requirements,theclassificationsofaspecificauthororschool,s
deliberationsonpenologyarediscussedaccordingtothepreviously
definedcriteria,clearlysetfortheneedsoftheresearch
7
.
Comprehensiveanalysisofhistoricallyshapedclassificationsinthe
theoryofpunishmentandviewsofparticularauthorsorschools
relatedtothemattershouldbedealtwithinspecialisedmonographic
lecturesonthehistoryofpenologicalthought.
1.1.Ontheneedforanewclassificationofthetheory
andcritiqueofpunishment
LechGardocki,inhismanualonsubstantivecriminallawaffirmsthat
flthePolishcriminallawinforcedoesnotdealwiththesenseand
meaningofpunishmentinadirectway”
8
.MarianCieślak,onthe
otherhand,beginshisinterpretationofthesubstantivecriminallawin
Polandbystatingthatflthephrase(criminallaw,linksthatparticular
branchofLawwiththenotionofpunishment.Thereforeonecould
affirmthatcriminallawinitsmostgeneralmeaningconsistsoflegal
rulesandregulationsthatstandardisetheimplementationofpunish-
ment”
9
.LechGardockisummarisesthesubchapterontheconceptand
theoryofpunishmentcitingFranzvonLiszt,afigureregardedtobe
themosteminentinthesociologicalandcriminaljurisprudence,who
claimedthatthedifferencebetweentheretributiveandtheutilitarian
theoryofpunishmentisonlyostensible;consequentlyheposedthe
followingrhetoricalquestions:flDoItakethemedicinebecauseIamill
orbecauseIwanttogetbetter?DoIswimbecauseIfellintothewater
orisitbecauseIdonotwanttodrown?”
10
Werewetoacknowledge
thefactthatgeneraldisputesinthetheoriesofpunishmentendedwith
7
Seealsoonclassificationofmajortheoretictrendsinrationalisationof
punishment:J.Utrat-Milecki,PrinciplesofPenology...,supranote3,pp.98–105;on
thegeneralneedanddifficultiesofclassificationofthetheoryofpunishment:
L.Lernell,Podstawowezagadnieniapenologii,supranote8,pp.39–42.
8
L.Gardocki,Prawokarne,12
th
edition,Warsaw,Beck2006,p.157.
9
See:M.Cieślak,Polskieprawokarne.Zaryssystemowegoujęcia,Warsaw,PWN
1994,p.12.
10
See:L.Gardocki,Prawokarne...,supranote12,p.157.