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PISTONCOMPRESSOR
1.1.INTRODUCTION
Acompressorisaworkingmachinewhosepurposeistodelivergasesorsteamob-
tainedfromliquidsunderincreasedpressure.Itisknownthatcompressedgasesare
neededindifferentfieldsoftechnologiesthatiswhycompressorshaveoftenbeen
thepartsofcomplexequipment,forexample,refrigerationunits,gasturbinesand
others.Theoreticalbackgroundsusedforthestudyofthepistoncompressorscould
befoundinthesources[1-3].
Mainindexesthatdefineandcharacterizethecompressionprocessinrealcom-
pressorsareratiobetweenthepressureincompressoroutlettothepressureinthe
inletalsocalledcompressionratio,finalvaluesofpressureandtemperatureofthe
compressedbody,amountofthebody(gasorsteam)thatwascompressedinthe
timeunitorsocalledflowrate,energy-requirementperunitweight(kg)orvolume
(m3)needsthebodytobecompressedorratiobetweenamountofthebodythatwas
reallycompressedperonerevolutionofthecompressorshafttotheamountofthe
bodythatcorrespondstotheoreticalvolumeofthecompressor-socalledcompres-
sionfactororcoefficientoftherealflow.
1.2.COMPRESSORSTYPES
Compressorswhereincompressionprocessoccursinaperiodicalwayiscalled
displacementcompressors(positivedisplacementcompressors).Positivedisplace-
mentcompressorscanbedividedintotwogeneralcategories:
–pistoncompressors-theprocessofcompressionoccursinsidethecylinder,
wherethepistonmovesinreciprocatingmotionway,
–rotarycompressors–insuchcompressorstheprocessofcompressionoccurs
bymeansofrotatingelementsandgasdeliveryprocesstakesplaceinasteady
way.Rotarycompressorscanbedividedintovanetypewherejustoneelement
carriesoutrotarymotion-Rotascooroncompressorswheretwoelementshave
rotationmotion-Rootsorscrewcompressors.
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