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secondmostcommonwayofinfectionistheintravenousinjectionofthepsychoactivesubstances,causing
another2milliondiagnoses.
TheTrans-TasmanregionisconsideredtohavelowHIVincidence.In2013,43%ofHIV-infected
individualsweretreatedwithARV.EpidemiologyofHIVinfectionvariesacrosstheTrans-Tasmanregion.
InAustraliaandNewZealand,infectionsarefoundpredominantlyamongMSMandshowasteadyincrease
inthenumberofinfections.ItisestimatedthatintheTrans-Tasmanregion,therearemorethan57,000
peoplelivingwithHIV,outofwhom4,500individualswereinfectedin2013(UNAIDS,2014).
InEurope,HIVinfectionsarelessnumerous.However,theepidemicischaracterizedbyalargevariety
betweentheregions.The2013ReportbytheEuropeanCenterforDiseasePreventionandControl(ECDC)
showsthatthenumberofnewHIVinfectionsreportedannuallyintheEuropeanUnionhasstabilizedat
around30,000(HIV/AIDSReport,2013).
InCentralandWesternEurope,asystematicincreaseisobservedinthenumberofnewHIVinfection
casesamongMSMandaslightdecreaseinHIVinfectionstransmittedthroughheterosexualcontacts.
However,inEasternEuropeandCentralAsia,thereisanincreaseinthenumberofHIVinfectionsthrough
theintravenouspsychoactivesubstancesuse.Thereisalsoanincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhoare
infectedfromtheirsexpartnersusingdrugs(HIV/AIDSReport,2013;Wiessingetal.,2008).Apressing
epidemicconcerninthisregionistheoccurrenceofHIVinfectionamongchildren.
TheepidemiologicalsituationinPolandhasbeenmonitoredbytheNationalInstituteofHygiene(PZH)
sincetheonsetoftheepidemic.ThefirstcentresofferingHIV-focuseddiagnosisandtreatmentwere
establishedinthelate80sandearly90s.StrategieswereforcedtomaximizetheaccesstoHIVtesting.
Since1987,allbloodsamplescollectedatblooddonationstationshavebeentested.Attheendofthe80s
andintheearly90s,strategieswereintroducedtodiagnoseandpreventHIVinfectiontransmissionamong
injectingdrugusers.Inthe90s,thefirstclinicsfortheanonymousHIVtestingbegantofunctioninthe
majorityoflargecitiesinPoland.
EEA-EuropeanEconomicArea
Source:ECDC/WHO(2014).HIV/AIDSSurveillanceinEurope,2013.
Figure1.1.TherateofthenewreportedHIVinfectioncasesin1984-2013,EU/EEA
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