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ChapterI.Poland’smarketeconomyintheinterwarperiod(1918-1939)
whobecameknownasthefounderofthePoznańSchoolofEconomics,
neverengagedinpolitics.
Attheendofthe1930s,anewgenerationofactivists-the“young”-emerged
fromthenationalistmovementandenlistedthestrongsupportofthemove-
ment’sleaderRomanDmowski.The“young”groupbecameveryactive,both
politicallyandintermsofwriting(alsoforthepress)andsoonoutperformed
the“old”.Theonlypersonfromthe“old”teamwhokeptupwiththe“young”
intheseareaswasRomanRybarski,headoftheso-called“professors’group”.
Overall,althoughthenationalistmovement(NationalDemocracy)mayhave
hadsignificantpoliticalpowerininterwarPoland,itclearlydidnotdevelop
auniformeconomicprogramme.Growingtensionsbetweenthetwogroups
(the“old”andthe“young”)oftenledtodifferingopinionsandpositions
amongtheirmembersregardingeconomicpolicy.
Whilethe“old”werecarefulinformulatingtheireconomicprogramme,the
“young”wereconvincedthatanyandallproblemsintheareaofeconomy
canonlyberesolvedbyeliminatingliberalandcommunisteconomicideas
andimplementingnationalistprinciples.Theinternalconflictswithinthe
nationalistmovementwhichcontinuedthroughoutthe1930s,numerous
sourcessuggest,notonlyweakenedthemovement’spositionbutalsoled
totheemergenceoftwodifferentandcompetingeconomicmodelswithin
themovementbythesecondhalfofthe1930s.
The“old”team’sprogrammewasauthoredbyprofessorRomanRybarski,
whileAdamDoboszyńskirepresentedthe“youth”.However,despitesome
clear,doctrinaldifferences,allprogrammesformulatedwithinthenation-
alistmovementsharedthesamecharacteristicsandcanthusbedescribed
asnationalistic,chauvinistic,totalitarianandclearlyfascist.
Inanalysingthedoctrinaldiscussionsofthe1930s,itisespeciallyimportant
tokeepinmindtheviewsofRomanDmowski,whowastheleaderofthe
NationalDemocracyandwho,whilerisingabovetheformaldivisionsofthe
nationalistcamp,enjoyedthesupportofthe“young”(especiallyJędrzej
GiertychandtheNationalRadicalCamp-Falanga).Further,toobjectively
assesstheeconomicpolicyofthe“young”nationalists,itisimportanttotake
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