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10
Masculinityandfemininity…
ofskillsindealingwithcriticalsituationsineverydaylife.Hyperfemi-
ninitymaybetheriskfactorofanattemptatsuicide.
ThefirstoftwochaptersbyAnnaBrytek-Materapondersuponthe
stereotypeoffemininityinthecontextofwomen’scommonaspirations
topossessanidealbodyshape.Theauthor’sownresearchescomparing
younganorexiaandbulimiapatientsarepresented.Shepointsoutsimi-
laritiesanddiferencesinthefieldof:actualself,idealself,andought
self.Itoccursthatidealselfishigherinpatientswithbulimiathanthose
withanorexia,whileoughtselfishigherinanorexicpatients.Analyses
andconsiderationsarebasedontheconceptsofbodyattitudes,body
imageself-discrepancy,andnegativethoughtsandfeelingsaboutone’s
body.InChapterSeven,theauthorexaminesthestereotypeofmasculin-
ity.Idealstandardsofmen’sbodyarediscussed.Itisobservedthatthey
dealwiththestrengthandbodymusculature.Anideal“hypermale”and
“muscularity-power-schema”presentinourculturearedescribed.The
authoralsopresentsmen’sbodyimagedissatisfaction,driveformuscu-
larityanditsconsequencesforhealth.
Finally,inChapterEight,ElżbietaTurskatakesupthetopicofthe
femininityandmasculinitycategoryintheprofessionallifefromthe
pointofviewofcompetenciespossessedbywomenandmen.Theau-
thorpresentsherownresearchesonsimilaritiesanddiferencesbetween
mothersanddaughters,mothersandsons,fathersanddaughters,fathers
andsons,intherangeofsuchtraitsas:hopeforsuccess,optimism,
locusofcontrol,openness,motivationofachievementsandacareeref-
fectiveness.
Thismonographwillhopefullyenableitsreaderstoperceivethe
presenceofthefeminineandmasculinestereotypesineverydaylife
morereflectively,andalsotoseethegenderedcontextinthegendered
world.Iwouldlikethecontentpresentedinthisbooktobecomeanen-
couragementtowidenthinkingonthephenomenaofmasculinityand
femininity.
EugeniaMandal
