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meGreatMigrationofSerbsandtheQuestionoftheSerbianEthnicandReligiousCommunity…
surroundingareasacrosstheSavaandtheDanubetoHungarianterritorybegan.
Temainandlargestwaveofmigrationlasteduntil6October1690,andtwodays
later,on8October,theOttomanarmyconqueredBelgrade10.
Duetothelackofreliablesources,theexactnumberofSerbianrefugeeswho
movedtoHungaryduringtheGreatMigrationof1690isunknown.Estimatesrange
between60,000and70,000people.Inthefirstwave,ledbyPatriarchArsenijeIII,be-
tween30,000and40,000refugeescrossedintotheterritoryofHungary.Temajority
fledasfarnorthaspossible-toBuda,Szentendre,EsztergomandKomárom.Some
ofthemsettledalongtheway-inSubotica,Baja,Szeged,Mohács,Pécs.TePatriarch
andhiscourtstayedinSzentendre.TeTatar)sincursionsintoSyrmiaacrosstheSava
andintoBanatacrosstheDanubedroveawaythepopulationoftheseareas,andit
joinedthemainwaveofmigration.Aferthisfirstgreatwave,theemigrationofthe
populationfromSerbiacontinued,andlasteduntiltheTreatyofKarlowitz(Karlovci)
in169911.Temajorityofrefugeesremainedintheareasthathadbeenpartofthe
KingdomofHungarybeforetheOttomanconquestandlaterreconqueredbythe
HabsburgarmyintheGreatTurkishWar.Inthoseareasdestroyedanddevastated
bythewar,theHabsburgrulewasjustbeingestablished.Tenewlyarrivedpopu-
lationstrengthenedtheSerbianethnicelement,weakenedbythewardevastation,
andgreatlychangedboththeethnicandreligiouscompositionofthepopulationin
HungaryandintheterritoriallyexpandedMilitaryFrontier.Undoubtedly,theimmi-
grantshadthepotentialtorevitalisetheterritorybotheconomicallyanddemograph-
ically,andthereforeitwasimportantfortherulertoregulatetheirstatusinhisstate.
Teabove-mentionededictof21August1690representedthebeginning
ofLeopoldI)slegislativeactivityregardingSerbs.DuringtheGreatTurkishWar,
throughtheimperialandroyalcourtofces,hepublishedseveraldocumentsthat
referredtoSerbs,theirstatusandrights.Amongthem,threeedictswerecrucial,and
theyrepresentthebasisforregulatingthelegalstatusoftheSerbianpopulationand
theSerbianOrthodoxChurchintheMonarchy.InSerbianliterature,theseedicts
arecalledSerbian,National-ChurchorLeopold)sPrivileges,orjustPrivileges.Tese
edictswereissuedon21August1690,throughtheCourtOfceinVienna,on20Au-
gust201691andon4March1695,throughtheHungarianCourtOfceinVienna12.
10Г.СТАHОJЕВИB,СрбиjаувремеБечкограта…,p.179-180;Р
.Л.ВЕСЕЛИHОВИB,Срби
уВеликомрату…,p.534-535.
11I.J.ПОПОВИB,ВеликасеобаСрбаł,p.39-42;Р
.Л.ВЕСЕЛИHОВИB,СрбиуВеликом
рату…,p.535-542.
12J.РАIОHИB,М.КОСТИB,Српскепривилегиjе…,p.23-25,48-51,91-95.Inadditiontothe
textsofthePrivilegesofLeopoldIinLatinandinSerbiantranslation,thetextsofallconfirma-
tionsofthePrivilegesbyJosephI,CharlesVIandMariaTeresawerepublishedinthisedition.Cf.
I.IАВИIОВ,Српскепривилегиjе…,p.94,100-102,105-107.
19