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Thepublicationon26June2004ofthefinalversionoftheNewCapitalAccord(Basel
II)
53bytheBaselCommitteeonBankingSupervisionfinished,insomeway,thediscussions
ontheessenceanddefinitionofoperationalrisk,whichalsocausedtheworldwidegrowthin
theinterestinthistypeofriskinfinancialinstitutions.ThedefinitionacceptedbyBaselII
saysthatoperationalriskistheriskofdirectandindirectloss,resultingfrominadequateor
faultyinternalprocesses,peopleandsystems,orfromexternalevents.Here,operationalrisk
includesalsolegalriskbutexcludesstrategicriskorreputationalrisk.BaselIIdistinguishes
sevencategoriesofoperationalrisk:
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1)internalfraud,theriskconnectedwithinternalviolationandreferstomaterialloss
causedbyfraud,falsificationofreportsetc.,
2)externalfraud,theriskconnectedwithexternalviolationandreferstomaterialloss
causedbytheft,break-insorcomputerhackingcommittedbypeoplenotconnected
withthefinancialinstitution,
3)theriskconnectedwithHRmanagementandhealthandsafety;itreferstotheloss
resultingfromthebreachoflabourlaw,non-compliancewithhealthandsafety
regulations,work-relatedaccidentclaimsortheuseofvariousformsofdiscrimina-
tion,
4)theriskconnectedwithcustomers,productsorbusinesspractice;i.e.thelossresult-
ingfromintentionalorunintentionalbehaviourincompatiblewithprofessional
practice,thelossresultingfromnegligenceofprofessionalobligationstocustom-
ers,e.g.conductingillegaltransactiononbankaccounts,usingconfidentialinfor-
mationaboutcustomers,unauthorisedsalesofproducts,moneylaundering,
5)theriskconnectedwiththedamageofassets,mainlytangibleassets;itreferstothe
lossresultingfromvandalism,terrorismandcatastrophes,
6)disruptionsofactivitiesandsystemerrors,theriskconnectedwithdisruptionsin
systemssupportingtheworkofafinancialinstitution;itis,mainly,thelosscaused
whileusingcomputerandtelecommunicationequipment,aswellassoftware,
7)theriskconnectedwithbusinessprocesses;itreferstothelossconnectedwithim-
properconductingoftransactionsandimpropermanagementofbusinessprocesses,
errorsresultingfromtherelationswithcustomersandsuppliers,e.g.accountinger-
rors,thelossofdocuments,outsourcing
55.
Letustrytopragmaticallycharacterisethemostimportantfeaturesofoperationalrisk:
operationalriskisanyriskwhichcannotbeclassifiedasthemarketriskorthe
creditrisk,
operationalriskistheriskresultingfromanykindofhumanerrorsorerrors
causedbyusingtechnicalequipment,
operationalriskisacombinationofthesettlementrisk,paymentrisk
administrativerisk,legalriskandtheriskofinterruptingthecontinuityof
operations.
operationalriskistheriskconnectedwithallriskfactorswhichhavemoreimpact
onthevariabilityofthecoststructureofacompany,andlessontheincome
structure,
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InternationalConvergenceofCapitalMeasurementandCapitalStandards.Acollectionofbestmarket
practicesinfinancialriskmanagementinthebankingsectorandmaintainingbybanksthesafelevelof
capital.
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J.Krasodomska,Zrządzanieryzykiemoperacyjnymwbankach,op.cit.,pp.22,23.
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A.Gospodarowicz,RyzykooperacyjnewkontekścieNowejUmowyKapitałowej[OperationalRiskinthe
ContextofNewCapitalAccord],inA.Gopodarowicz(Ed.)Zastosowaniarozwiązańinformatycznychw
bankachspółdzielczych,PraceNaukoweAkademiiEkonomicznejno1068,WydawnictwoAkademii
Ekonomicznej,Wrocław2005,p.45.
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