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insidetheSun)snucleus,whichamountsto5*107K.FromtheSun)score,
theenergymovesintheformofradiationtoitssurface,beingsubjectedto
absorptionandradiationprocessesasitproceedsthroughthesubsequent
layers(Hanslmeier2011,pp.47-49).
Currently,theSolarSystemisconsideredtobecomposedof8planetsand
5dwarfplanets,categorisedintotheinnerplanetsandtheouterplanets.The
planetsbelongingtotheformergroup-Mercury,Venus,EarthandMars-have
beenformedasaconsequenceofcollisionsofvarioustypesofspaceobjects.
Theyarecharacterisedbyhigh-densityrockyorrocky/icyouterstructureand
arereferredtoasterrestrial,telluricorrockyplanets.Asfarastheoriginsof
theouterplanets,theyhavebeenformedbyrocky/icyblocksorbitinginspace.
Theyarecharacterisedbyauniformsurfaceofarelativelylowmassandgasor
icestructure.Thisgroupincludesgasgiants-Jupiter,Saturn-andicegiants
-UranusandNeptune.TheouterplanetsandtheinnerplanetsoftheSolar
Systemaredividedbythemainasteroidbelt(Williams2015),containing
carbon(70%),silicon,metallicandbasaltasteroids(Wiegertandothers2007).
Dwarfplanetsconstituteanothergroupofcelestialbodiesfoundinthe
SolarSystem.Theyareastronomicalobjectsinthesolarorbitofasufficient
masstowithstandgravitationalforces.Owingtothehydrostaticbalance,
theyhavedevelopedaquasi-sphericalshape.Inorderforaspaceobjecttobe
namedadwarfplanet,itmustnotbeasatelliteofanotherastronomicalobject
(UnionInternationalAstronomical2006).Atpresent,thisgroupincludessuch
bodiesasCeres,Pluto10,Haumea,Makemake,andEris.
1.1.3.OrbitalSystem
Priortodescribingorbitalsystems,theconceptoftheorbititselfshouldbe
defined.Anorbitisathree-dimensionaltrajectoryofacelestialbodyoran
artificialsatellitethatisinmotionundertheinfuenceofgravity.Subsequently,
themovementofcelestialbodiesandspaceobjectsinorbitisreferredtoas
orbitalfight.Throughoutthedurationofthefight,theobjectisinatrajectory
whereitcanremainforatleastonefullorbit.Thelatterconditioniswhat
distinguishestheorbitalfromthesub-orbitalfight,duringwhichalthough
theobjectreachestheorbitalspeed,itdoesnotcompletetheorbitalrotation
(Frankandothers2018,p.555).
Orbitsaregenerallyclassified,accordingtotheshape,intoclosedandopen
ones.Closedorbitsaretypicallyellipticorcircularandimplythereturnofthe
10
Asof23August2006,Plutohasnolongerbeenrecognisedasaplanet(Union
InternationalAstronomical2006).
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