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ChapterI.GeneralprinciplesofPolishcriminallaw
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attainedtheageof17.Second,theactmusthavebeencommittedunder
conditionsofrecognisableunlawfulness.Inotherwords,theofender
musthaveactedunderconditionsinwhichtheywereawareorcould
havebeenawarethattheywerecommittinganunlawfulact.Tird,the
perpetratormustnotbeinsaneatthetimeofcommittingtheact.Finally,
theymusthavecommittedthecriminalactunderconditionsofnormal
motivation.Extraordinarycircumstanceswhichpreventedtheperpetra-
torfromavoidingthecommissionofsuchanactexcludethepossibility
ofattributingguilt.
§4Principleofnullumcrimensinepericulosociali
Noteverycommissionofacriminalactgivesrisetocriminalliability.
Forittocomeintoplay,suchanactmustbesociallyharmfultoadegree
higherthannegligible(Article1§2oftheCriminalCodeof1997).4Tus,
eachcriminalactissubjecttoassessmentintermsofthedegreeofsuch
harmfulness.TeCriminalCode,inArticle115§2,liststhecriteriafor
suchassessmenttobetakenintoaccount.Teseincludethetypeand
natureoftheinfringedgood,theextentofharmcausedorthreatened,
mannerandcircumstancesinwhichtheactwascommitted,gravityof
theobligationsviolatedbytheperpetrator,formofintention,motivation
oftheperpetrator,typeoftheviolatedprecautionaryrulesanddegreeof
theirviolation.Tecatalogueofthesecriteriaisclosed.Tismeansthat
inassessingthedegreeofsocialharm,noothercircumstancesthanthose
listedabovemaybereferredto.
Ifthecriminalactcommittedbytheperpetratorisassessedassocially
harmfultoanegligibledegree,theywillnotbecriminallyresponsible.Such
anact,althoughprohibitedundercriminallaw,isnotacriminalofence.
4Ontheessenceofsocialharmfulnessofanactanditsfunctionsincriminallaw,see
extensivelyR.Zawłocki,Pojęcieifunkcjespołecznejszkodliwościczynuwprawiekarnym,
Warsaw2007,pp.125-174,399-418.
