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IliaHeit
CAUCASUS
Tefirststepwastochiptheshellin
ordertoobtainsmallerpiecesformaking
beadblanks.Duringthisstep,over76%
oftheshellartifactswereproducedas
debris,characterisedbynotracesof
secondaryworking,suchasretouching
andpolishingoftheedgesordrilling.
Unworkedshelldebriswasfoundinall
shapesandsize;fragmentslargerthanone
centimeterwereuncommon.
Teshelldebrismaterialcontained
about200piecesofrectangularshapewith
straightedges,whichmostlybelongedto
theouterlipareaoftheshellvalve[Fig.5:3].
Tesepiecesindicatethatchippingcould
havetakenplacenotonlywithadirect,but
alsowithanindirectpunch:theuseofthe
lattertechniqueallowsbettercontrolofthe
chippingandleavesstraightbreak-lines,
whereaschippingtheshellwithadirect
punchresultsinconchodialfractureas
confirmedthroughexperimentaltest-
ing.Someflatflintfragmentsshowed
hammeringtracesontheopposededges.
Tesepiècesesquilléescouldhavebeenused
aschiselsduringthisoperation.
Aferchipping,thesecondworking
stepwas
the
production
of
bead
blanksfromselectedshellfragments
ofanappropriatesize.Twodilerent
processingsequencescouldbetracedfor
thisworkingstep.Inthefirstone,theshell
fragmentwasdrilledimmediatelywithout
anyprecedingedgemodification.Inthe
secondone,theanglesoftheroughout
wereround-retouchedwithapointed
tool[Fig.6:4].Atotalof611(74.88%)
completelypreservedorbrokenfragments
featured
retouched
edges,
whereas
205blankswereprocessedwithoutedge-
rounding.
Exceptfortheumbo[Fig.6:1],the
knoblikeprominencenearthehinge
thatwastoobuckledformakingaflat
bead,theentirevalvesurfacewasusedfor
beadproduction.Tevastmajorityof
shellfragmentswithsecondaryworking
traces(86.39%)weretakenfromtheflat
middlepartofthevalve,whichseems
tobebettersuitedforbeadproduction
comparedtothebrittlelipareaandbent
dorsalpart.Inviewofthefactthatthe
latterpartswerealsousedforbeadmaking
(thoughtoalesserextent),thebead
artisansonMPS4canbesaidtohave
madehighlyeconomicuseoftheraw
Fig.3.Didacnashellsasrawmaterialforbeadproduction:1-D.praetrigonoides;2-D.pyramidata
(ModifedaferLongvinenko,Skorobogatov1968:Figs.343,2,344,1)
26
PAM23/2:SpecialStudies
