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ChapterI◆THECONSTITUTIONALFOUNDATIONSOFTHEREPUBLICOFPOLAND’S…
parties.ThesubsidiarybodiesoftheSejmarestandingcommitteesandspecial
committees.TheorganisationoftheSenateissimilar14.
TheSejmperformsconstitutional,legislativeandcontrolfunctions.Its
constitutionalcapacityallowsforthepossibilityofchangingtheConstitution
oftheRepublicofPolandbytheSejmandtheSenate.TheSejmpassesbillson
amendingtheConstitutionbya2/3majoritywhiletheSenatedoessothrough
anabsolutemajority.ThelegislativefunctionoftheSejmallowsforthe
possibilityofpassingbills.Agroupof15deputies,aparliamentarycommittee,
theSenate,thePresident,theCouncilofMinistersandagroupof100,000
citizensmaysubmitadraftbill.Suchadraftbillisconsideredinthreereadings.
TheSejmpassesdraftbillsinthethirdreadingbyasimplemajorityofvotes.
ThebillpassedbytheSejmishandedovertotheSenatebytheMarshalofthe
Sejm.TheSenatehas30daystotakeapositiononthebill.Itisconsidered
adoptediftheSejmacceptstheSenate’spositionbyanabsolutemajorityof
votes15.Uponcompletingtheseproceedings,theMarshaloftheSejmsubmits
thebilltothePresidentforsignature.ThePresidentsignsthebillwithin
21daysandordersittobepublishedintheJournalofLaws16.ThePresident
mayalsoreferabilltotheConstitutionalTribunalbeforesigningit.Ifthe
Presidenthasnotexercisedthispower,hemayvetothelaw.TheSejm
overthrowsthepresidentialvetowitha3/5majority17.
TheSejmcontrolstheactivitiesoftheCouncilofMinisters
(governmentadministration).TheSejmperformsthecontrolfunctioninpleno,
employingcommitteesandindividualspeechesbydeputies.Inaddition,the
SejmgrantstheCouncilofMinistersvotesofconfidenceornoconfidence.
14K.Ziemer,DaspolitischeSystemPolens.EineEinführung,SpringerVS,Wiesbaden2013,pp.39-41;
P.Czarny,B.Naleziński,OrganySejmuRzeczypospolitejPolskiej,WydawnictwoSejmowe,
Warsaw2002,passim;M.Zubik,OrganizacjawewnętrznaSejmuRzeczypospolitejPolskiej,
WydawnictwoSejmowe,Warsaw2003,pp.18-29.
15K.Dunaj,TheSenateasaSecondChamberoftheParliamentintheLightoftheConstitutionof
theRepublicofPoland,[in:]JurisprudenceandCulture:PastLessonsandFutureChallenges.The
5thInternationalScientificConferenceoftheUniversityofLatviaDedicatedtothe95thAnniversary
oftheFacultyofLawoftheUniversityofLatvia,10-11November2014,eds.K.Torgans,J.Pleps,
UniversityofLatvijaPress,Riga2014,pp.241-247.
16K.Dunaj,M.Karpiuk,TheLegislativeProcessintheRepublicofPoland,[in:]International
ScientificConference:TheQualityofLegalActsanditsImportanceinContemporaryLegalSpace,
October4-5,2012,UniversityofLatvia,Riga2012,pp.156-173;J.Marszałek-Kawa,The
InstitutionalPositionandFunctionsoftheSejmoftheRepublicofPolandaftertheAccessiontothe
EuropeanUnion,WydawnictwoAdamMarszałek,Toruń2016,p.238etseq.
17Ph.Köker,PresidentialActivismandVetoPowerinCentralandEasternEurope,Palgrave
Macmillan,London2017,pp.111-127.
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