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achievementinthefieldofarchaeological-geophysical
research.
Anequallyimportantelementistodeterminethe
depthatwhicharchaeologicalremainsareburiedand
theirconfigurationonthebasisofearthresistancesur-
veys–inourcase,aseriesofgeoelectricalprobesusing
aSchlumbergermeasurementsystemandmulti-layered
profileswithadipoleordipole-dipolesystem.Te
methodologyformeasurementsofthiskindwasworked
outinthemid-1980s,butwasdifculttouseinthe
caseofPtolemais,whereahigh-resistancesandylayer
liesonmuchofthesite’ssurfaceandmasksresistivity
changesinthelowerlawyers.Forthatreason,aspecial-
purposemethodofregisteringmeasurementresultswas
developed,allowingnotonlyforasuccessfulexplora-
tionoflayersdowntoasignificantdepth(sometimes
overfivemetresbelowtheground)butalsoforgraphic
presentationoftheresultswiththeuseofcommercial
softwarepackages(GoldenSoftwareSurferorDW
ConsultingArcheoSurveyer)andsoftwareforprocess-
ingelectricresistivitytomographydata(RES2DINV
orRES3D).Wecouldthusdevelopdocumentation
bothintheformofverticalprofilesofchangesinap-
parentresistivityandmapsofresistivityconfigurations
atdilerentdepthsofpenetration.Tisisthefull-
estformofreconstructionofthelocationofburied
archaeologicalremains.
Animportantmethodologicalachievementwasto
developtherulesofintegratingthedatagainednot
justthroughgeophysicalmeasurements,butalsopho-
togrammetricdocumentation,aerialphotographyand
satelliteimages,topographicmeasurements(including
three-dimensionalprofilingofthesurfaceareassur-
veyed).Temainachievementsinthisfieldincludethe
launchofameasurementsystemtosimultaneouslyreg-
istermagneticfieldintensityandchangesinelevation
oftheterrainsurveyed,aswellasadaptingfree-to-use
softwarepackageAUTODESKMapGuideforthepur-
posesoftheresearch.
Combiningmagneticandtopographicmeasure-
mentswaspreviouslypossiblethankstocertaincom-
mercialsystems,butthelocationofmeasurementpoints
andmeasurementofheightcouldonlybedefinedto
withinover10centimetres(usingDilerencialGlobal
PositionSystem–DGPS).Inthecourseoftheproject,
weusedRealTimeKinematicGPSMeasurements–
RTKGPS,achievingaccuracytolessthanonecenti-
metre.Atthesametimewedevelopedproceduresfor
theRTKGPSinstrumenttocontroltheworkofthe
caesiumvapourmagnetometer.Teresultwasbothan
increaseinmeasurementaccuracyandaneardoubling
ofthespeedofmagneticprospecting.
AdaptationfortheprojectoftheMapGuidesoft-
wareallowedustodevelopourowngraphicprint-outsin
astandardisedgeographiccoordinatesystem(aconven-
tionalsystemwiththetransformationpointsdefinedto
allowforanycoordinatesystemtobeemployedwithin
theglobalsystem)onascaleoptimaltoeachstageofthe
analysis(1:5000forgeneralquestions,1:1000and1:500
fordetailedanalyses).Tesystemalsoallowedforafull
integrationofthevectordata(theresultsoftopographic
measurementsandmodelsbasedonphotogrammetric
analysisoftheresultsofaerial-photographyprospecting)
withgeoreferencedrastergraphics(datafrommagnetic
andelectricresistivityprospectingandortophotomaps
madeonthebasisofaerialphotography).Anotherposi-
tive,whichcontributedtoincreasingproductivity,was
theavailabilityofallthedataontheinternet.
Teaforementionedachievementsrelatemostlyto
theapplicationsofnon-invasivesurveymethods.In
additiontothese,significantprogresswasalsomade
instudyinghistoryofthecityatdilerentstagesofits
development,aswellastheroleofNorthAfricaagainst
thebackgroundoftheothercentresofancientcivili-
sation.Tisallowedforaverificationoftheexisting
hypothesesaboutthehistoryofPtolemaisandsetting
newdirectionsforfutureresearchonthisimportant
centre–oneofthecapitalcitiesoftheancientworld.
