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Conditionsoftherecognitionofthecivilstatusoftranssexualandtransgenderpeople...
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InPolandsuchproceedingsdoexistbut-duetothe4spontaneous’wayin
whichtheyhavebeendeveloped-theirshapeisnotveryclear,whichposes
certainproblemswithregardtotheaboveECtHRrequirements(cf.remarksin
section12-Conclusions).
Itisimportanttorealize,too,thatPolishcaselawconcerningtranssexuals
hasevolvedsignificantlyoverthepast50years.Someinitialconceptshavebeen
replacedbynewones,whichreplacement-intheopinionofmanycommentators
-doesnotnecessarilymeanprogress.Thissectionofthereportwillnowbe
devotedtothepresentationofthejudicialactivismwithregardtotherightsof
transsexualsinPoland.Afterthat,somegeneralizationswillbemadeinanattempt
toformulateconditionswhichmustbefulfilledinordertoobtainachange-of-sex
judgment.
5.2.Theoriginaljudicialconceptcorrectionofthecivilstatusact
AlthoughtheprecedentisnotasourceoflawinthePolishlegalsystem,
thejudgmentoftheVoivodeshipCourtofWarsawhandeddownonSeptember
24,196415undoubtedlypossessedaprecedentialcharacter.Thecourt,actingas
acourtofsecondinstance,dealtwiththemotionofatranswomanwho-further
toasexadaptationsurgeryundergoneinanothercountry-soughttochangeher
legalsexfrommale(asomciallyrecorded)tofemale.Persuadedbytheopinions
ofmedicalexperts,whoconfirmedthatthepetitioner’spsychologicalsexis
feminine,thecourtdecidedthatthebirthactshouldbeaccordinglycorrected.The
motivesofthejudgementmadeitclearthatprimacyhadtobegiventotheactual
sexidentityoverthebiologicalsexasrecordedatthetimeofbirth.Importantly,
althoughthecourtappliedthecorrectionprocedure,16itdiditonlyperanalogiam
underliningthatthebirthactwasdrawnupcorrectlyandthechangeofsexcould
haveefectonlyforthefuturei.e.fromthetimeofthesurgicalintervention.
Theabovejudgmentattractedalotofdoctrinalcomments,whichwere
generallyfavourable.17Ittook,however,morethanadecadebeforeafirstomcial
pronouncementofthePolishSupremeCourt(SC)wasmadewithregardtothe
possibilityofchangingsexbytranssexualpersons.InitsjudgmentofFebruary
25,197818theSCapprovedthepracticeofusingthenon-contentiouscorrection
proceedingsinordertoefectthechangeoflegalsexofatransperson.Onceagain
15IICr515/64.
16ThecourtactedonthebasisofArt.26.3oftheold1955Decree4LawonCivilStatusActs’,
whichwastheninforceandwhichenvisagedjudicialcorrectionofcivilstatusactsinasimilar
mannerthatArt.36ofthecurrent2014statutedoes(seeremarksinsection2above).
17ThejudgmentoftheVoivodeshipCourtinWarsawandthedoctrinalreactiontheretois
describedinsomedetailbyJ.Ostojska,op.cit.,pp.93-98.
18IIICZP100/77.