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MulticulturalchallengesinFamilyLaw(Poland)
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bycoitioninteractionsbetweenotherpersonsorbyadoptionwhicheventually
efectedmaternity,paternityandkinshipbetweentherelatives.”Howeverthe
privatelifeisrecognizedmorebroadlyasa“socialsituationcausedbroadlyby
variouspersonalinteractionwhichefectedpersonalrelations.”
1.2.Conceptofmarriage
CompleteequalitybetweenmenandwomenisnowexpressedinArt.33ofthe
PolishConstitutionof1997.TheinstitutionofmarriageisdefinedinConstitution,
whichinArt.18states:“Marriageisaunionofamanandawoman.”12Asresult
marriageisrecognizedasa“permanentconjugalandemotionalequalunionof
manandwomanwhich,asarule,candeliveranewgenerationofdescendents.”
Aseparateissuethatoccursandisdiscussedinthedoctrineisthequestion
whetheramarriedcouplewithoutachildalreadyconstitutesafamilyorisonly
amarriedcouple.TheprovisionofArt.23F.G.C.seemstofavortheformer.The
Constitutionalsoproclaimsthatmarriedcouples,andthefamily,motherhoodand
parenthood,aretobeplacedunderconstitutionalprotectionandcareoftheState.
1.3.Characterofmatrimonialrightandduties
Ahusbandandwifehaveequalpersonalandproprietaryrightsandduties
resultingfromthebondsofmatrimony.InaccordancetoArt.23F.G.C.personal
(non-proprietary)rightsandduties,whichexistsolelybetweenthespousesinclude:
cohabitation,fidelity,mutualassistance,co-operationintheinterestofthefamily,
choosingthesurnamewhichistobeadoptedbythespousesandpaternityoftheir
commonchildren.Ifthespousescannotreachaconsensus,eitherofthemmay
bringthemattertothefamilycourt-Art.24F.G.C.
1.4.Contractingofmarriage
Marriagesmaybecontractedintwokindsofactsinlaw:laymarriages
(secularform),anddenominationalmarriages(religiousform).Thislastactsin
lawcausesthelargesphereoflegaldiversity.
12A.
Mączyński,
“Prawo
do
zawarcia
małżeństwa
w
świetle
Konstytucji”
[TheConstitutionalaspectsoftherighttoConclusionofmarriage],[in:]Prawodomałżeństwana
proguXXIwieku[Therighttomarriagein21stcentury],ed.K.Motyka,Lublin,2017;idem,“Kon-
stytucyjneimiędzynarodoweuwarunkowaniainstytucjonalizacjizwiązkówhomoseksualnych”
[TheConstitutionalandinternationalaspectsoftheregulationofhomosexualsunits],[in:]Związki
partnerskie.Debatanatematprojektowanychzmianprawnych[Partnerships.Thedisputeofthe
rangeofnovels],ed.M.Andrzejewski,Toruń2013,p.84etseq.;B.Banaszkiewicz,Thenew
waveofinterestinmarriageinconstitutionalLaw.ReflectionontheCentralEuropeanExperience,
Warszawa2016,p.41.