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SyndromCzeczeniijakoelementpolitykipoupadkuZSRR…
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ściuniwersalnych,związanychzwiarą,rodzinąipoczuciembezpieczeństwawe
własnymkraju.
ThesyndromeofChechnyaasanElementofPolitics
afterthecollapseoftheUSSR(LiteratureReminiscences)
JustbeforethecollepseofSovietUnion,duringtheperiodcalledperestroyka,Rus-
sianwritersregainedthefreedom:theycouldtalkandwriteaboutthetruthwhichwas
strictlyforbiddenbythetotalitariancensorship.Russianreadersreceivedtheposibil-
itytofindoutaboutsovietconcentrationcamps,sovietspecialpsychiatricalhospitals
wheredissidentswerekept,strictpunishmentsgiventhesepeoplewhoobjectedto
communisticrule…Thistendencyintentisifiedafter1991whenRussians,seemingle,
becametoliveintheindependentcountry.
InmoderntimestherearesomenewmethodsandtrendsinRussianliterature.
SomeofthemareinheritedfromAmericanculture:theseoncesareconnectedwithcre-
ating,firstofall,criminalstories,romanticnovelsandfamilysagas.TypicallyRussian
newtrendsincludepostmodernismandnewrealism.Thelastoneisacontinuation
ofthegreat19thcenturerealism.Thenewrealisticwritingssupportthewellknown
traditionwhichisbasedonreflectingimportenteventsintherealityandpolitics.One
ofthesemostimportenteventsinmodernworldbecamethewarinChechya.Alotof
authorswriteaboutit.Thisarticleisfocusedonthreeofthem:ChechnyabluesbyAlec-
sanderProkhanov,AsanbyVladimirMacanynandPatholohgiesbyZakharPrylepyn.
ThelastonewasamemberinthesecondChechnyawar
.
Moreover
,theauthorofthisarticleemphasizedthatthewholeRussianliterature
isaboundningwithdescriptionsofmiliteryoperationsandpeoplebehaviourduring
thetimeofdangers.Russianwritersdescribedthecourageandsacrificeofsoldiersor,
ontheotherhand,theycriticisedthemilitaryservicewhoseordersveryoftenledto
thedeathofmillionsofcivilians.UsingthesedifferentmethodsRussianfictionwriters
showedtwoworldwarsinthe20thcenturyand,especially,fightsafterOctoberrevolu-
tion.Conformistsgivefalsepictureofawar:usingwordstheyΠpaint”Sovietsoldier
whoishandsome,alwaysbraveandfullofdignity.Theseliteratureclerks,ofcourse,tell
liesaccordingtothemethodofsocialisticrealism.Moreover
,theyacceptthedeathas
anecessarypartoffightsleadingtothevictory.Inthiswayreadersgetuntrueinforma-
tion,forexample,aboutthebeginningoftheSecendWorldWar
,aboutmillionsvictims
ofinnocentyoungsoldiers,and,whatisthemostimportentforSovietideology:about
thebolshevictriumphin1945.Thistriumphwassupposedtobringthehappinesand
freedomforallEuropeancountries.
Ontheotherhand,somewriters,whowerenotafraidofSovietleaders,passon
thetrueknowledgeabouthistoricalevents.Intheiropinion,intheUSSR,therewas
apermanentwar:political,economic,awarwitheachindividualperson.Theseun-
conformisticwriterhadtoleavetheirhomelandandliveabroad.TheybecameRussian
emigrants,therepresentativesofthethirdwaveofXXth–centuryemigration.
Prokhanov,MacanynandPrylepynwriteaboutthemodernwarinChechnyawhich
beganinDecember1994andhasbecomeanissueforbothRussiaandthewholeworld.
