Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
8
wasthoroughly‘Japanized,andrecontextualizedineveryway,drawingon
ancientJapanesetheatricalpracticeslikeNoh,KabukiandSuzukime-thod
acting,andreflectingJapaneseconcernsandthemes.Suchtheatreisinno
wayimitationorevenadaptationoftheEnglishstage,butaproudly
independenttradition.AndasYoshiharaYukariexemplifies,attimes
Shakespearehasevenbeen‘consumedandappropriatedbyJapaninthe
ageoftheconstructionofits‘‘national,,culture,[21].Wefindevidenceof
thesamephenomenoninKuniyoshiUeda,sNohAdaptationofShakespeare:
EncounterandUnion.13MuchthesameseemstrueofotherAsiancount-
ries,aswitnessedbytheextraordinarymulti-culturalLEAR(1999),
involving‘cast,membersandmusiciansfromsixAsiancountries,China,
Indonesia,Japan,Malaysia,SingaporeandThailand,allperformingintheir
ownlanguagesandmusicalandtheatricaltraditions,[YongliLan,
forthcomingarticle],richlyfundedbytheJapanAsiaFoundationCenter.
Cross-culturalre-evaluationscanalsoproducegenu-inelynewreadings:
OntaniTomokodescribesIijimaSanae,sadaptationofRomeoandJuliet,
whichreflectstheplay‘‘asseenthroughthecooleyesofcontemporary
youngJapanese,,,who‘arenotverysympathetictotheir‘‘passionatelove,,,
[regarding]theirdeathasanindiscreet,rashorevenstupiddeedrather
thanatragicone,[p.156],afarcryfromLuhrman,sdangerously
empathetic,ifdazzling,film.Bytheendofthebook,weareconvinced
thatShakespeare,infact,wasandis,notEnglishatall,butJapanese.
Anotherexampleofculturalrelativityandreceptioncanbefoundinan
intriguingarticlethatexaminesproblemsoftranslationofShakespeareinto
Chinese.ApparentlythereisnowordinChinesefor‘nothing,,andin
aConfuciancountryfilialdisobedienceisnotonlyfrownedupon,itis
impossibletocontemplate–twofactswhich,onewouldhavethought,
makeKingLearunplayable.Notso,ingeniouswayshavebeenfoundto
maketheplayneweventhere.14
Ofcountrieswhichcanbesaidtohavebeen‘colonised,bytheEnglish,
suchasIndia,AustraliaandNorthAmerica,15allhavelocalisedandregional
versionsandsettingsofShakespeare,splays.16India,inparticular,despitethe
ardentbardolatryof‘ShakespeareWallah,,haslargelyacceptedhimintoits
13ShimizuCity2001.
14SeethefascinatingarticlebyY.Zhouhan,‘KingLearMetamorposed,,Comparative
Literature1987,39:pp.356–362,comparingtwoChinesetranslationsofKingLear.
15M.D.Bristol,Shakespeare’sAmerica,America’sShakespeare,London1990.
16SeeObravenewworld:TwocenturiesofShakespeareontheAustralianStage,ed.
J.GolderandR.Madelaine,Sydney2001;andforanaccountoftheacademicreceptionof
ShakespeareintoAmerica,M.D.Bristol,Shakespeare’sAmerica,America’sShakespeare,
LondonandNewYork1990.
