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Qualitycontrolisasetofactivitiesthatallowtoachieveproductusefulness,
connectedwithcorrectingout-of-controlprocessesandpreventingprocesses
fromgettingoutofcontrolinfutureusingvariousmethodsandtools(includ-
ingstatisticalones),
Qualityassuranceisasetofactivitiesorientedtowardscreationofreliance(to
anexternalclientinparticular)onfulfillingqualityrequirements.Suchassur-
ancemaybe,forinstance,possessionofacertifiedISO9000compliantquality
managementsystem,
Qualityimprovementisasetofactivitiesorientedtowardsincreasingorgani-
zation’scapabilitiestofulfillqualityrequirements.Requirementsmayconcern
products,aswellasprocessestakingplaceintheenterprise,especiallymanu-
facturingprocesses.
Intheareaofqualityengineering,awidesetofmethodsandadditionaltoolsis
used,whichallowtocomprehensivelyanalyzeproductsandmanufacturingproc-
essesquality.Qualitymanagementsupportingmethodsareusedtocollectand
processdataconcerningdifferentqualityaspectsofprocessestakingplaceinthe
enterpriseanditsneighborhood.Theyenablepresentationofrelationsbetween
differentmanufacturingprocessfactorsandtheirresultsinthewaythatallowsto
usethemeffectivelyinmanagementandqualitycontrol.
Inqualityengineering,therearetwomaingroupsofmanagementsupporting
methods:
designsupportingmethodsforproductsandservicesandforprocessestopro-
ducethem:QFD,FMEA,DOE,
productionsupportmethods,includingmainlymethodsconnectedwithcertain
manufacturingprocesses:MSA,SPC.
FMEA(FailureModeandEffectAnalysis)isamethodofpotentialcausesand
resultsofdefectsanalysisusedbydesigners(includingtechnologicalprocessde-
signers)aimedatminimizinglossescausedbylowquality.Thegoalofanalysisis
tofindthepotentialcausesandresultsofdesignandmanufacturingerrorsandto
eliminatethembeforethefinalproductiscreated.
QFD(QualityFunctionDeployment)isamethodofextendingqualityfunctions
knownas“HouseofQuality”.Itsgoalistotranslateimpreciseneedsandexpecta-
tionsofclients(e.g.nice,comfortable,useful)totechnicalcharacteristicsusedby
specialistsasastartingpointforproductorservicedesignandconstruction.
DOE(DesignofExperiment)isamethodofexperimentdesign(planning).InDOE,
theTaguchimethodsisoftenused.Itsgoalistominimizethevariationofaproduct
(orprocess)inresponsetodisturbingfactors(“noise”)and,atthesametime,to
maximizetheresponsetofactorsthatareso-calledsignals.Signalsarethosefactors
whichhavecontrolpropertiesandareinputvaluesinaplannedexperiment.
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