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TomaszKubin:EconomicSystemoftheEuropeanUnion…
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withthisframework.Atthesametime,legislationadoptedattheEUlevel
affectstheeconomicsystemsoftheEUmemberstates.
2.WehavetodealwithanumberofsimilaritiesbetweentheEUmember
states,whichareveryimportantinthecontextofthetreatmentoftheEU
asaneconomicsystem.Thisisaconsequenceofthefactthatinorderto
becometheEUmemberstateitisnecessarytomeetanumberofcriteria,
whichleadstoasituationwhentheeconomicsystemsoftheEUmember
statesconformtooneanother.Atthesametime,betweentheEUmember
statestherearealotofverysignificantdifferencesresultingfromhis-
torical,political,economic,socialetc.circumstances.Thesedifferences
cause,thatsomeoftheEUcountriesareamongvariousgroupsofeco-
nomicsystems.Forexample,theUnitedKingdomandIrelandrepresent
theso-calledAnglo-Saxonmodel(sometimesnamed“liberal”model,
whichalsoincludesnon-EuropeancountriessuchastheUSA,Australia
orNewZealand).Sweden,FinlandandDenmarkareamongtheso-called
Scandinavianmodel(alsonamed“Nordic”orthewelfarestatemodel;
besidesthesecountriesNorwayisalsoincludedinthismodel).Germany
ismostoftenpointedoutasanexampleoftheso-calledsocialmarket
economy(GermanSozialeMarktwirtschaft).Sometimes,alongwithAus-
triaandSwitzerland,Germanyisincludedintheso-calledRhinemodel.
TheeconomicsystemofFranceisanexampleoftheso-calledmodel
of“continentalEurope.”
1
CountriesofSouthernEurope(Italy,Spain,
Greece,Portugal)havealsotheirownspecificity,aswellasthecountries
ofCentralandEasternEurope,whichinthepastbelongedtotheso-called
Easternblocandwhichinthelate80sand90softhe20thcenturystarted
reforms,includingtransformationoftheireconomiesfromsocialismto
freemarketeconomy.
3.Objectives,principlesandprovisionsofthekeymeaningfortheeconomic
systemoftheEUarecontainedinthetreaties,whicharethebasisofthe
EUfunctioning.ItscontentisaresultofagreementofalltheEUmember
statesanditsrevisionrequiresconsentofalltheEUcountries.TheEU
anditsinstitutionshavelimitedpowersoflegislation,thecontentofwhich
determines,amongothers,alsotheshapeoftheEUeconomicsystem.
Thisisaconsequenceofthefactthataccordingtothetreaties,theEUhas
competencesonlyincertainareasofpolitical,economicandsociallife.
IntheEU,thememberstatesaregivenpriorityintermsofcompetences.
ThismeansthattheUnioncanactonlyinthoseareasinwhichthetreaties
confercompetenceonit.AccordingtotheTreatyontheFunctioningof
theEuropeanUnion,incertainareascompetencescanbelongonlytothe
1
M.Noga:“Pomiarefektywnościsystemówgospodarczych.”In:Systemygospodarce
iichewolucja.Ed.S.Swadźba.Katowice1999,p.24.
