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THEPUBLICORDERINREPUBLICANROME
commoncitizensduringthetakingofthecensusesandasaprotec-
tionofmosmaiorum.39
Initially,quaestors,calledatthattimequaestoresparicidii,werethe
magistrateswhosedirectcompetencewasensuringpublicorder
inRome.40Later,thesefunctionswerefulfilledfirstofallbyple-
beianandcuruleaediles.41Teformeractedinitiallyasassistants
totheplebeiantribunes,whotransferredtheirauthoritytotheir
helpers.42FromthesecondcenturyB.C.theircoërcitiohadproba-
blybeenindependentonthebasisofLexPorcia,whichgranted
themimperium.43Sourcesconfirmthataedilesfirstofallinstructed
thecomitialtrial,whenthecitizensgatheredatthecenturiateas-
semblyorplebeiancouncil(comitiacenturiataorconciliumplebis),
ledbyanaedile(respectivelycuruleorplebeian),judgedpresented
cases,andpassedsentences.44
Moreover,undercuraludorumaedilesorganizedgames,and
thatiswhytheysupervisedthegroupsofactors,gladiatorsand
charioteers.45Teywerealsoentrustedwithastruggleagainstlux-
ury,whichinthetimesoftheEmpirewasconnectedwithjurisdic-
39Nippel(1988)14-15;(1995)8-9.
40Varr.LL5.14/81;Zon.7.13;Lyd.Mag.1.26;Dig.1.2.2.23;Fest.247Ls.v.(parrici⟨di>
quaestores).Mommsen(1887-8)i143&n.1,ii.1537-44;(1899)155-6;Kunkel(1962)
37-45;Lintott(1968)103;Garofalo(1985).
41Val.Max.8.1.absol.7.Mommsen(1887-8)i143,ii.1475-6,491-9;(1899)156-8;
Hirschfeld(1913)578;Impallomeni(1956)250-1;Serrao(1959)=(2015)i93-8;Lin-
tott(1968)92-101;Bauman(1974);(1996)13;Pailler(1988)263-4;Nippel(1984)21
&n.5-6;(1988)27-36;(1995)21-2;Chastagnol(1997)111;Kuryłowicz(2000);cf.
Kamińska(2012).
42Dion.Hall.6.90.2-3;Zon.7.15;cf.Dion.Hall.6.26,6.35.3;Plut.Coriol.18.3-4;Liv.
29.20.4,29.20.11,38.52.7.Mommsen(1887-8)ii.1473-4;Bleicken(1955)11;Lintott
(1968)93.
43Plaut.Trin.990.Impallomeni(1956)250;Kaser(1963)173-5;Lintott(1968)94;cf.
Bauman(1974)255;contraNippel(1988)29-32.
44Mommsen(1887-8)ii.1492-3;Lintott(1968)96-8;A.H.M.Jones(1972)15-16;Bau-
man(1974)245,251-4;cf.Broughton(1951-2)i353;Sabbatucci(1954)320-7;Impal-
lomeni(1956)249;Nippel(1988)32-3.
45Plaut.Amph.69-75;Macrob.Sat.2.6.1;cf.Cic.Verr.2.5.36.Lintott(1968)94;Sab-
batucci(1954)262-93;Impallomeni(1956)246-8.
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