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1.HOWTOUNDERSTANDSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTINPERIPHERALRURALREGIONS?
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3.Evaluatingelements,i.e.subordinationtothecenter,oftenextensivein
spatialterms,butoflesserindependenceorentirelydeprivedof
independence,andalsowithlesserauthorityandprestige;
4.Suchlinguisticelementswhichemphasizesubordination[ibidem:117].
((Theveryrelationshipofcenterversusnon-centerisuniversalinnature,
becausesuchaconfigurationisgeneratedineverysocialspace,ifwiththeprocess
ofdelimitationinvolvingthecontentandnatureofthemaincomponentparts
(...).Insocietalpracticeandlookedatfromtheperspectiveofhistory,thesystem
undergoesmanyandvariedmodifications,sincetheessenceofthecenterisbased
firstandforemostonauthority,strength,prestigeandmoney(...)”[ibidem].
Alongsidemarkedlygeographicallyrelationships!beingattheperipheryand
beingperipheral,therearealsoculturalandpsychologicalconnotations
influencingthewayagivenregionorpartofgiventerritoryisperceived.The
termisassociatedwithapresenceonthemarginsofthemaincurrentsto
economicpoliticalandsociallife,andhencewithfeaturesofbeingweaker,not
takenseriouslyorunderrated.
Analysescarriedoutinrelationtodevelopingcountriesdonotofferan
unequivocaldefinitionofwhattheperipherymightbe.Inlinewiththeoriginal
conceptofthecenterversustheperipheryarisingfromthediscussionon
dependentdevelopmenttakingplaceamongLatinAmericanintellectualsand
economists(withRaulPrebischtothefore),theworldhasregionsthatarehighly
developedeconomically(thecenter)aswellasregionsthatareonlypoorly
developed(andhenceperipheral),butwhichdosupplytheformerareaswiththeir
mainrawmaterials[Rościszewski1974].AnalyzingthesituationLatinAmerican
countriesfindthemselvesin,Prebischstatesthattheunderdevelopmentofthe
regionisstructuralinnature,reflectingcircumstancesfirstputinplaceinthe
colonialera,andentrenchedfromthe19thcenturyonwards-i.e.fromthetime
countriesinthispartoftheworldgainedtheirindependenceandheadedoffalong
thepathtowardsthediversificationofinternationaleconomicrelations.
Amongthecountrieswhosepositionsasregardscommercewithand
investmentinLatinAmericawerehighestwere:theUSA,theUK,Franceand
(fromtheendofthe19thcentury)ItalyandGermany.Fromthatdaytothis,many
countriesofSouthAmericalikeArgentina,Brazil,UruguayandChilehave
continuedtoassignakeyroletotheexportsector,whosestructurecontinuesto
bedominatedbyrawmaterialsandprimaryproducts,bethesemineral,naturalor
agricultural.Atmosttheseareaugmentedwitharticlesthathavebeenprocessed
toalimiteddegree[Prebisch1959].Thedirectionstheeconomicdevelopmentof
peripheralcountrieshasfollowedarethustheonessubordinatedtothedemand
exerted-andthestrategiesfordevelopmentpursued-bycountriesofthe
((center.”Thismeansthatthecenter-peripheryrelationshiphasbeenunfavorable
forthecountriesformingthelatter,fromthepointofviewofthedevelopmentand
diversificationoftheireconomies.
However,fromthepointofviewoffurtherresearchintounderdevelopment,
thecontributionmadebygeographersprovedtobeimportant,sincethese
