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MIROSLAWACZERNY,ANDRZEJCZERNY
Oneofthekeyindiceswhereperipheralityandmarginalizationareconcerned
istheonerelatingtothelevelofeducationattained.Givenbelowaredata
obtainedinthecourseoffieldworkasregardsthelevelofilliteracyinthe
communitiesstudies,aswellastheproportionsthathavecompletedeither
primaryorsecondaryeducation.
Table10LevelofeducationinthreeregionsofFriasDistrict,2012
Levelofeducation
Illiterate
Non-completedprimary
Completedprimary
Non-completedsecondary
Completedsecondary
Higher
Noresponse
Levelofeducationachieved(%)
SectorBajo
22.22
12.82
19.45
30.2
3.17
8.05
4.05
SectorMedio
32.26
20.01
13.05
9.21
8.41
8.91
8.1
SectorAlto
22.6
17.4
31.5
6.2
4.5
9.23
8.46
Source:Questionnaire-basedresearch,December2012in:Córdova-Aguilar[2013:42].
Thetablerevealsthatmorethanhalfofthepopulationintheareastudiedhas
educationtoprimarylevelatbest.Furthermore,theinterviewscarriedoutmakeit
clearthatthoseclaimingtohavenon-completedprimaryeducationareoften
unabletoreadandwrite.
Inthecourseoftheinterviews,localpeoplecomplainedaboutthequalityof
teaching-thelackofassistance,difficultconditionspresentinschools,andpoor
teacherswithinadequatepreparationtodotheirjob.Thethreemainpostulates
regardinganimprovementinqualityoflifementionedbyrespondentsinclude
raisingofthelevelofeducation.
AccordingtodatafromPeru;sstatisticaloffice[CompendioEstadŹsticodelPeru
´
2011,vol.1:134],asof2010FriasDistricthadonedoctor;ssurgeryandseven
medicalrooms.Thisnumberisinsufficienttoservealltheresidentsofthe
district;svillages,allthemoresowhenreachingoneofthemedicalroomsmaybe
aprocesstakingseveralhourstoachieve.Thecrisisofmedicalcareisfurther
deepenedbythefactthatthesepotentialtreatmentpointsarelackingboth
equipmentandmedicines.
Inthecircumstancesoflackofefficientmedicalcare,diseases(includingthose
ofparasiticoriginandwithinsectvectors)canspreadeffectively.Thereisahigh
mortalityrateamonginfantsandyoungchildren,aswellasanunder-nourishment
problemamonginfantsthatisfirstandforemosttheresultofaninappropriate
dietlackingproteinandvitamins.AveragelifeexpectancyinFriasDistrictis67,as
comparedwith69.4inPiuraregionand72inPeruasawhole[ibidem].
Amongtheeconomicfactorswhichattesttoperipheralityisaprevalenceof
subsistenceagricultureoverotherformsofeconomicuse.Inthesecircumstances,
