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18
Part1.Introduction
ence(riggnas)isclassifiedintotwomaincategories:greaterscience9
(riggnascheba)andminorscience10(riggnaschungba).Bothsciences
havefivedifferentbranchesoflearning,andthegrammarwasregarded
asoneofthegreatersciences.Itiscalledthescienceofgrammar(sgra
rigpa).GenerallyinTibetantradition“learningsgra”meanstolearn
SanskritgrammarnotTibetangrammar.Therefore,whetherornotwe
shouldincludeSanskritgrammarinthescienceofgrammar(sgrarig
pa)remainsanopenquestion!ThestudyofclassicalTibetanwastreated
asanimportantfieldofTibetanstudiesbygreatTibetanteachersand
translatorsformanycenturies.Itwas,andstillis,welltaughtinevery
TibetaneducationalinstitutionasbasisoftheTibetancourse.Therefore,
itisimportanttoknowthegrammarwellifonewantstoberegardedas
anexpertinTibetanliterature.Forcenturies,countlesscommentaries
werecomposedbyscholars;unfortunately,manyvaluablecommentar-
iesfromthethirteenthandthefourteenthcenturiesarenolongeravail-
able.TheremainingmajorcommentariesonclassicalTibetangrammar
aredocumentedbyTshetanzhabsdrung11.Furtherinformationwas
addedbyTillemansandHerforth12.Intheirenrichedcataloguethetext
Sumrtagskyirnambshadnorbuketaka!idoshalwasattributedto
Dharmabhadra.InfactitwaswrittenbyNgagdbangdbyangscandga’
ba.Therearemanyundocumentedminorcommentarieswrittenbyindi-
viduals.Itisimpossibletorecordallthosecommentaries.Althoughwe
havenumerousdetailedandbriefcommentariesontworoottexts,the
lackofanewsystematicTibetangrammarisobvious.Hence,inmy
opinion,generalsystematicgrammarcommentaryisneededtosetthe
rulesofmodernTibetan.
9sgrarigpa,tshadmarigpa,gsobarigpa,bzorigpa,nangdonrigpa,“scienceof
grammar”,“scienceoflogic”,“scienceofmedicine”,“scienceofart”,“scienceof
mind”.
10snyanngag,mngonbrjod,sdebsbyor,zlosgar,skarrtsis–‘poetry’,‘synonyms’,
‘prosody’,‘drama’,‘astrology’.
11Tshetanzhabsdrung,1989:190-195:Sumrtagskyi!grelbagsarrnyinggragschen
!ga!zhig//.“SomeoldandnewfamouscommentariesontheClassicalTibetangram-
mar”.
12TillemansandHerforth,1989:29-35:“Tshetanzhabsdrung’slistofmajorcom-
mentariesontheSumcupaandRtagskyi!jugpa.”
