Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
UrszulaSwadźba:Teoreticalandmethodologicalbasisoftheresearch
knowledgeandcompetencetomovewithconfidenceintheworldofeconomic
terms.Tisisespeciallyduetothefactthatbanksareconstantlychangingin-
vestmentconditions.Anevenmoredifcultproblemistheveryorientationin
theemergingeconomicproblemsincludingtheglobaleconomiccrisis,thescale
ofglobalization,theroleofcorporations,andeconomicinequality(SamUelson,
NoRdhaUs,2004;PodpoRa,2013).
Economicscienceprovesreallynecessary,notonlyinordertofunctionin
dailylife,butalsotounderstandtheproblemsofthecontemporaryworld.Te
youngergeneration,especiallystudentswhowillonedayconstitutetheeliteof
thesociety,shouldhavesuchknowledge.Economicknowledgeańectsone’sde-
cisionsonwork,entrepreneurialandactivationbehavior.Itisalsooneofthe
crucialelementsofaknowledge-basedeconomy.Tistypeofknowledgetestifies
tooverallcompetenceofagivencivilization,anditslackmayhaveanindividual
excludedfromsociallife.
17
10202Tesystemofvaluesandeconomicaspirations
Teissueofvaluesistackledbymanyteachingsandbutalsonumerous
mundane,everydaytruisms.Apartfromthesocialsciencessuchasphilosophy,
psychology,sociology,pedagogy,ethnology,economics,thenotionofvaluecan
alsobefoundinmathematicsandnaturalsciences,includinglogicandphys-
ics.Insociologytwoclassicaldefinitionsofthetermhavebeenproposedby
ClydeKluckhohnandFranzAdler(AdleR,1962,Kluckohn,1972).Still,they
provednotsuitableandoflimitedapplicabilitytoourresearch.Accordingly,we
adoptedbroaderdefinitionsthatwereformulatedbyPolishauthors:Teword
value“shouldincludethefollowingdesignations:1.Subjectrespectedordesired
tangibleorintangiblegoods;2.Patternormodelfordirectingactionsandbe-
haviorsofpeople;3.Manifestationinrelationofasubjecttoanobject,which
isanexpressionofitsevaluation;4.Tecriterionforassessingeverythingthat
canbeevaluatedfromdińerentpointsofview,e.g.scientific,utilitarian,ethical,
aesthetic,praxeological,permittingthemakingofcertainchoices(SztUmski,
SztUmska2002:16).Economicvalues(material)wouldalsofitunderthisdefi-
nition.
Teproblemisthatsomevaluesaregeneralandessentialinnature(e.g.
materialvalues)whereastheothersarelesstangibleandessential(e.g.thevalue
ofgoodfood).Accordingly,oneneedstodistinguishbetweenthem,andthe
notionofasystemofvaluescomesinhandy.Tesystemofvaluesisasetofval-
uesincludingthegeneralvaluesacquiredduringtheprocessofsocializationin
aparticularsocialsystemandinspecifichistoricalconditions.Inadditiontothe
generalvaluesthatareoftheautotelicsystem,thesystemincludesinstrumental
valuesthatmakeitpossibletoimplementgeneralvalues(Swadźba,2012:37).
