The Muon Trigger of the CMS experiment - design, performance, upgrade

Marcin Konecki

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-235-1678-1

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Uniwersytet Warszawski

Rok wydania:

2014

Liczba stron:

119

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Bibliografia:

Konecki, Marcin. The Muon Trigger of the CMS experiment - design, performance, upgrade. Red. . Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski, 2014, 119 s. ISBN 978-83-235-1678-1

Bibliografia refWorks:

RT Book, Whole

SR Electronic(1)

A1 Konecki, M.

T1 The Muon Trigger of the CMS experiment - design, performance, upgrade

PB Uniwersytet Warszawski

PP Warszawa

YR 2014

SN 978-83-235-1678-1

Bibliografia BibTex:

@Book{ 168436, author = "Konecki, Marcin", editor = "", title = "The Muon Trigger of the CMS experiment - design, performance, upgrade", publisher = "Uniwersytet Warszawski", year = "2014", address = "Warszawa", isbn = "978-83-235-1678-1" }

Bibliografia endNote:

TY - BOOK

AU - Konecki, Marcin

ED -

TI - The Muon Trigger of the CMS experiment - design, performance, upgrade

PB - Uniwersytet Warszawski

CY - Warszawa

PY - 2014

SN - 978-83-235-1678-1

ER -

Netografia (standard APA):

Konecki, Marcin. The Muon Trigger of the CMS experiment - design, performance, upgrade [baza danych online] Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski, 2014 [dostęp: 23 07 2024]. Dostęp w Ibuk Libra: https://libra.ibuk.pl/reader/the-muon-trigger-of-the-cms-experiment---design-performance-upgrade-marcin-konecki-168436.

fizyka doświadczalna, Higgs boson, The Large Hadron Collider, The Compact Muon Selenoid (CM) experiment, High-Level trigger systems, algorithms for muon isolation

The CMS experiment has operated smoothly during the LHC Run-1 (2010–2013). A large numer of collisions, triggered by the CMS Level-1 and High-Level trigger systems allowed CMS to discover the Higgs boson and perform many important physics me...

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-235-1678-1

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Uniwersytet Warszawski

Rok wydania:

2014

Liczba stron:

119

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

1. The CMS experiment at the LHC—design and initial performance11
1.1. Introduction11
1.2. CMS detector12
1.3. CMS trigger and data acquisition system13
1.4. CMS operation15
1.5. Commissioning and initial detector performance results17
2. The Level-1 muon trigger. Performance22
2.1. Level-1 trigger22
2.1.1. Calorimeter trigger algorithms23
2.1.2. Muon trigger25
2.1.3. Level-1 event selection30
2.2. Muon trigger performance32
2.2.1. Level-1 muon trigger efficiency32
2.2.2. Level-1 muon trigger rates33
2.2.3. Level-1 muon trigger timing33
3. The muon track reconstruction at the High-Level trigger36
3.1. Introduction36
3.2. HLT operation36
3.3. HLT reconstruction software39
3.4. Basics of the muon reconstruction41
3.5. Track and primary-vertex reconstruction43
3.5.1. Seeding and pixel-based reconstruction43
3.5.2. Combinatorial Track Finder45
3.6. Muon reconstruction at the HLT47
3.6.1. Level-2 reconstruction48
3.6.2. Level-3 reconstruction48
3.6.3. Muon isolation49
3.6.4. Performance50
4. Selected physics results53
4.1. Introduction53
4.2. Higgs physics53
4.2.1. H → γγ54
4.2.2. H → ZZ → 4C55
4.2.3. H → ττ56
4.3. Vector boson production, top physics and QCD58
4.2.4. Combination of Higgs measurement and Higgs properties determination58
4.4. Other selected measurements60
4.4.1. Charged particle multiplicities and momentum spectra60
4.4.2. Topological correlations in two-particle distributions61
4.4.3. Search for rare B/Bs → µ+µ− decays62
4.5. Searches for new phenomena beyond the Standard Model63
4.6. Heavy-ion physics with CMS64
5,1, Introduction65
5. Perspective outlook and summary65
5.2. CMS upgrades during Phase-I65
5.2.1. RPC and CSC upscope in LS165
5.2.2. New Level-1 trigger66
5.2.3. HCAL modifications66
5.2.4. Pixel Detector replacements66
5.3. Phase-II upgrades67
5.4. Summary of physics results67
5.5. Summary of muon trigger operation and author’s contribution68
A. The PACT for RPC system69
A.1. Introduction69
A.2. PACT system70
A.2.1. Layout of the system70
A.2.2. PAC algorithm71
A.2.3. Segmentation and data flow72
A.2.4. HSCP trigger73
A.3. PACT performance75
A.2.5. Commissioning challenges75
A.4. Role of the RPC system in Level-1 muon trigger77
B. Development of methods for track reconstruction, primary vertex finding and seed generation with the Pixel Detector79
B.1. Introduction79
B.2. Components of the reconstruction software80
B.3. Estimate of track position uncertainties81
B.3.1. Parametrization of hit errors81
B.3.2. Parametrization of multiple scattering81
B.4. Finding hit pairs82
B.3.3. Track bending in the longitudinal plane82
B.5. Finding hit triplets85
B.6. Evaluation of the parameters of pixel-tracks88
B.7. Pixel vertexing89
B.8. Generation of seeds90
B.9. Conclusions91
B.8.1. Seeds from hit pairs91
B.8.2. Seeds from hit triplets-91
C. Development of High-Level trigger algorithms for muon isolation92
C.1. Introduction92
C.2. Simulation93
C.3. Isolation algorithm94
C.3.1. Optimization of algorithms95
C.3.2. Calorimeter isolation96
C.3.3. Pixel isolation97
C.3.4. Tracker isolation100
C.4. Overall performance105
C.4.1. Rate reduction105
C.4.2. Signal efficiency107
C.4.3. Algorithm timing108
C.4.4. Discussion108
C.5. Conclusions109
D. Acronyms110
Acknowledgements111
Bibliography112

TheCMSexperimentattheLHC—designand

initialperformance

CHAPTER1

Author’scontributiontothissubject

Theauthoractivelyparticipatedinvariousphasesofdesign,hardwaredevelopmentandconstructionoftheCMSexperiment.

TheauthortookakeyroleintheRPCtriggersystemdesign,beingforalongtimeresponsibleforsystemsimulation,worked

onsystemconstructionand,asacoordinator,tookmajorresponsibilitiesincommissioning,operationandmaintenanceof

thefullsystem.

TheauthorhasalsoparticipatedinbeamtestsandcommissioningofthePixelDetectorandbecamethemainauthor

ofthereconstructioncodethatconvertsrawdatadetectorformattodigitizeddataformatsuitableforfurtherreconstruction.

DuringLHCstartupandsoonafter(until2010)theauthorwasoﬃciallyresponsibleforthiscode.

TheauthorhasalsodevelopedtheRPCdataconversioncodeandmaintainedtheDAQmodulefortheRPCdata

readout.ThecommissioningoftheRPCdetectorincludedparticipationinseveralpreparatoryruns,beforeandafterLHC

startup,butalsoaseriesofrunsdedicatedforRPCsub-detectorunderstandingandinitialimprovements.

TheauthorwasalsoactivelyparticipatinginCMSdetectordatatakingandqualitymonitoringofthetriggerdata.

Duringthepreparationandregulardata-takingperiodtheauthorwasaRPCtriggershifterandon-callexpertaswellasa

Level-1triggershifter.Inbothcasestheauthorwasresponsibleforsub-detectorpartanddataqualitymonitoring.During

selectedrunstheauthorwasalsotheLevel-1Detector-On-CallexpertresponsibleforoperationoftheentireLevel-1trigger.

TheCMSresultsdescribedinthisChapterwerepresentedbytheauthoronbehalfoftheCMScollaborationat

internationalconferencesasinvitedtalks[16,17].TheseconferencecontributionsarerevisedandupdatedinthisChapter.

1.1.Introduction

TheLargeHadronCollider(LHC1)[22]isanacceleratorbuiltattheCERNlaboratory(European

OrganizationforNuclearResearch)inGeneva,Switzerland.ThefourmainexperimentsattheLHC

providefrontierphysicsresults.Initsmainmodethemachineisdesignedtocollideprotons.The

machinecenter-of-massenergywas√s17TeVin2010and2011,and√s18TeVuntiltheendof

2012,whenproton-proton(pp)runsintheperiodofLHCRun-1ended.Itisexpectedthatatthe

beginningof2015theLHCwillresumeitsoperationwiththeenergyof√s113TeV,whichisclose

tothedesignvalueof√s114TeV.

TheCompactMuonSolenoid(CMS)experiment[1]hadbeensuccessfullyoperatedduringLHC

Run-1.Thedeliveredstatisticsofabout30fb

11(seeFigure2 1.1),allowedphysiciststoperformava-

rietyofmeasurements,searches,andﬁrstofall,todiscover,togetherwithATLAScollaboration[23],

theHiggsparticle[24–26]—fundamentaltounderstandSpontaneousSymmetryBreakingMechanism

1TheglossaryofacronymsisgiveninAppendixD.Moreoversomeoftheacronymsarere-introducedineach

chapterforeasierreading.

2AllthepresentedﬁguresshowtheresultsoftheCMScollaboration.Wheneverappropriateamoredetailed

referenceisgiven.

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