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BARTOSZWRÓBLEWSKI
TheMysteryofPoliticalStability
intheHashemiteKingdomofJordan:
MonarchyandtheCrisisofStateGovernance
intheArabWorld
Overthepastdozenorsoyears,theArabworldhaswitnessedastring
ofpoliticalcrisesandexternalinterventions,andsince2011ithasbeenthe
sceneofupheavalsthatledtonumerouscivilwars.Theseevents—neither
revolutionsnorcivilwarsofthekindonceseeninEurope,withaclear
divisionintohostilepoliticalcamps—arebynomeansaccidental.Various
Arabstateshavedescendedintosomethingclosetoanarchy,withstate
structureshavingdisintegrated.Suchanoutcomeofseveraldozenyearsof
politicalevolutionishardlyacoincidence.
Whileitwouldbehardtoprovideanall-embracingdescriptionofthe
ongoingtransformationsthatarestillunderway—andarelikelytocontinue
unfoldingforyearstocome—itisneverthelesspossibletoidentifycertain
patterns.Asmattersstand,politicalanarchyhashitprimarilytherepublics
oftheArabworld,withmonarchiesperformingbetterintermsofpreserving
orderontheirrespectiveterritories—atleastfornow.Iraqbrokedownafter
anattackbyU.S.forcesin2003,anditisstillrivenbycivilwar.InLibyaand
Yemen,therevolutionsof2011toppleddictatorshipsandledtothecontinued
disintegrationofstatestructures.InSyria,the2011revolutionturnedinto
acivilwar.PresidentBasharAl-Assad’sdictatorshipwasnottoppled,but
itlostcontroloflargeswathesofthecountrywhich,too,fellintopolitical
anarchy.InEgypt,adictatorshipwasdefeatedbutthecrisisendedinthearmy
exercisingrawpower.Previously,similareventshadtakenplaceinAlgeria.
Asithappens,allthesestatesarerepublics,andnoneisanexampleofthe
successfulevolutionofpoliticalinstitutions.AmongtheArabrepublics,only
inTunisiarelativestabilityiskeptandhumanrightspreserved.Lebanon
ThePolishQuarterlyofInternationalAffairs,2016,no.4
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