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CONTENTS
ARTICLES
MohammadHoushisadat
PersianGulfGasandLNGintheEU’sGoals
forSecurityofGasSupplyby2030............................7
Energyisthemajorchallengeofthe21stcenturyandtheworld’senergymix
willchangeinthefuture,predominantlytorenewables,followedbynatural
gas.TheEuropeanUnionwillbetheforemostgasimporterby2030and
therateofLiquefiedNaturalGas(LNG)importswilldoubleby2020.The
UK,France,SpainandItalyarethemainentrypointsforEULNGimports,
withapproximately80%oftheregionalterminalslocatedinthesecountries
andamountingto87%oftheUnion’sLNGneeds.DiversificationofLNG
routesandsuppliersinthecomingcompetitiveLNGmarketisanimportant
objectiveofEUenergypolicy.Itseemsthatthelow-cost,high-riskPersian
Gulfgas-richareacouldbeinfluentialtotheUnion’ssecurityofenergy
supplyinthefuture.Thecurrentresearch,furthermore,aimstoanalysethe
roleofactualQatariLNGandpotentialIranianLNGonimportsbytheUK,
France,SpainandItalyinthecomingyears.Thismultiplecasestudycentres
onacomparisonoftheEU’sactualandpotentialLNGsuppliersagainstthe
fourindicatorsofenergysecurity—acceptability,availability,affordability
andaccessibility.ItattemptstodeterminethepositionofthePersianGulf
anditsmainregionalLNGsuppliersamongstthemainglobalexportersto
theEU.
SławomirRaszewski
EnergySecurityPerceptionsinPolandandTurkey................29
Alargechunkofthe“energysecurity”debatehasdealtwithproblemsof
accesstoresourcesand,mostrecently,thedegradationofecosystemsasa
directresultofthesocio-economicactivitiesofhumans;lessfocushasbeen
onthesourcesofsecurity/insecurityperceptionsandmisperceptionsandways
toexplainthem.Thisarticleseekstoevaluatetheoriginsandpracticesof
energysecurityperceptionsinPolandandTurkey,andwithintheirrespective
regionalcontexts—CentralandEasternEuropeandtheWiderBlackSea
Region.Withtheglobalenergysecurityparadigmnowencapsulatingthe
riseofnewpowers,epitomisedbyBRICS,developmentsattheregional
levelhavebeenplayingprofoundroles,groupingstatesaroundkeyregional
actors.Drawingoncasestudymaterial,theevaluationservesthepurpose