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NathalieBrack
Third,asthearticlesincludedinthisissuewillshow,Euroscepticismis
stronglyembeddedinthenationalcontext.Thephenomenonvariesgreatly
fromcountrytocountry.InmanyMemberStates,Euroscepticismseems
toremaintheprerogativeoftheradicalright,whichincorporatesitintoits
traditionalanti-immigrationrhetoric(forinstanceFinlandandBelgium).
SomecountriesexperienceEuroscepticismatbothextremesofleftand
right,suchasGreeceandFrance.Andtherearesomecountrieswhereone
canfindbothmainstreamandfringepartiesexhibitingdifferentdegreesof
Euroscepticism,fringepartiesbeingmoreextremeintheirrejectionofthe
EU.ThisisforinstancethecaseinPoland,HungaryandtheUnitedKingdom.
Populist,RadicalandRight-WingEuroscepticParties,
theMainWinnersofthe2014Election
Againsttheback-dropoftheeconomiccrisis,Euroscepticismhasbecome
increasinglymainstreamedinthesensethatithasbecomeincreasinglymore
legitimateandsalient,andinmanywayslesscontested,acrossEuropeas
awhole.TheEuropeanelectionsinMay2014attesttothistrend.8Claimsof
theEU’snon-democraticnatureandtheneedformajorreformshavebecome
commonplaceamongmainstreamparties,andthiscontexthasprovided
particularlyfertilesoilforEurosceptics.Euroscepticparties,bothleftand
right,experiencedunprecedentedsuccess,leadingsomecommentatorsto
speakofa“EuroscepticstorminBrussels.”
Thebiggestgainsweremadebyradicalrightparties,whichinthecontext
oftheeurozonecrisishaveincreasinglyutiliseda“hard”Eurosceptic,andat
timesanti-globalisationdiscourse,tobolstertheirtraditionalanti-immigrant
discourse.Althoughthereisnodirectcorrelationbetweenthecrisisandthe
successofpopulistandradicalrightparties,9theyhavecapitalisedupon
populardiscontentandhaveadopted“anarrativethatlinksthesalient
issueoftheeconomywithquestionssuchasimmigration,citizenshiplaw,
employmentlawandtheEUmorebroadly.”10Thisdevelopmenthashelped
themtogainlegitimacyandtobecomemainstreamed,andinsomecaseshas
assistedtheprocessof“sanitisation”or“detoxification”withintheirparties,
8
N.Brack,N.Startin,op.cit.
9
C.Mudde,“TheFarRightandtheEuropeanElections,”CurrentHistory,March2014.
10
D.Halikiopoulou,S.Vasilopoulou,“SupportfortheFarRightinthe2014European
ParliamentElections:AComparativePerspective,”ThePoliticalQuarterly,vol.85,no.3,
2014,pp.285-288.
10
ThePolishQuarterlyofInternationalAffairs,2015,no.2
