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König1991;Rudolph1996;Latos2009),hiddencausality(DiMeola1998)and
constraintonrelevance(Blakemore1987)deserveamention.
Still,intheEnglish-languageliterature,alltraditionalgrammarbookscon-
sistentlysituateconcessionalongsideothercircumstantialrelations,inlinewith
theestablishedsemantic-syntacticapproach(see,forinstance,Greenbaum1969;
Quirketal.1985;DowningandLocke1995;Biberetal.1999;Huddlestonand
Pullum2002).Inthesamevein,acomprehensivesemantic-syntacticdescription
ofconcessivesentencesinmodernPolishcanbefoundinGrochowski(2006),
who,ontheotherhand,stressestheabsenceofcoordinationbetweenthemultiple
analysesofconcessionfoundinthePolishlinguisticsliterature.2Exploringmod-
ernPolishusageofconcessives,whicharedescribedbytermssuchas:zdania
koncesywne,przyzwolone,przyzwalające,ustępcze,przyczynyniedostatecznej,
przyczynyniewystarczającejor,nally,aszdaniaprzyczynowo-przeciwstawne,
Grochowski(2006:221),likemanyotherresearchers,believesthatconcession
reectstherelationholdingbetweenthepropositionofthesubordinateclause
andthatofthemainclause;thus,asheasserts,whatmaybeinferredfromthe
subordinateclauseisincompatiblewithwhatisexpressedbythemainclause.3
Yet,Grochowski(2006:222)maintainsthattheaboveassertionholdstrue
inthecaseofrelationsdemonstratedbythechociażp,q(althoughp,q)for-
mulaanditsequivalents,e.g.aczkolwiekp,q(eventhoughp,q)orp,jednak(że)
q(p,howeverq).Itlosesitsrelevance,however,withregardtothechoćby
p,q(evenifp,q)structure.Whileintherstthreecausal-concessiveparadigms
itisassumedthatboththepropositionofthemainclauseandthatofthesubor-
dinateclausereectfactsand,further,thattheconclusiondrawnisbasedonthe
juxtapositionofcontrastiveviews,thelastsequenceexempliestheconditional-
concessiverelation,wherefutureorpotentialstatesofaffairsarepresented(cf.
Lerch1929;Polański1967).
Further,asarguedbyGrochowski,concessiverelationsfallintotwoirreduc-
iblecategories.Whiletheprimaryconcessivestructurehasbeenillustratedby
Examples1.1.aand1.2.a,secondaryconstructions,alsoclassiedasconces-
sive,canbefoundinExamples1.1.band1.2.b(Grochowski2006:220-221).
ThisviewissharedbyPisarkowa(1974),who,drawingonWojtasiewicz(1972),
maintainsthatconcessivestructurescangenerallybedescribedastwodistinct
2Tothisend,Grochowski(2006:221)citesstudiesbyKotarbiński(1961),Pisarkowa(1974),
Ampel(1975,1976),Jodłowski(1976)andGrzegorczykowa(1996).
3Grochowski’sviewisinagreementwithtraditionaldenitionsofconcession.Compare,for
instance,Quirk,LeechandSvatvik’s(1985:1098)assertionthat“concessiveclausesindicatethat
thesituationinthematrixclauseiscontrarytoexpectationinthelightofwhatissaidintheconces-
siveclause,”König’s(1988:163)claimthatthe“earliermeaningsfromwhichconcessiveconnec-
tivestypicallyderiveexpressoneoftheessentialingredientsofconcessivity:theconcomitanceof
twofacts,thegeneralincompatibilityoftherelevanteventualitiesandthetruthofthetwoclauses
linkedbytheconnective”orCrevels’(2000b:313)observationthat“aconnectionisimpliedbe-
tweenthepropositionsofthetworelatedclausesinquestion:thespeakerassertsthesetwoproposi-
tionsagainstthebackgroundassumptionthatthetwotypesofsituationswhichpandqdescribeare
generallyincompatible.”
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