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NarcissusandNarcissisminEarlyPsychoanalysis…
21
amodelinwhoselikenesshechoosesthenewobjectsofhislove.”18)Tismecha-
nismiswhatisnowreferredtoasnarcissism:
Wirsagen,erfindetseineLiebesobjekteaufdemWegedesNarzißmus,
dadiegriechischeSageeinenJüngling,Narzissusnennt,demnichtsso
wohlgefielwiedaseigeneSpiegelbild,undderindieschöneBlume
diesesNamensverwandeltwurde.19
Hefindstheobjectsofhislovealongthepathofnarcissism,aswesay;
forNarcissus,accordingtotheGreeklegend,wasayouthwhopreferred
hisownreflectiontoeverythingelseandwhowaschangedintothelove-
lyflowerofthatname.20
OneofFreud)sveryfewmentionsofNarcissusthustakes,asinEllis,theformof
asimile.However,itisaslimsimileindeed.InFreud)sveryvagueandgeneralref-
erencetotheNarcissusstory,theonlysignificantelementofthesimileisself-love.
WhereasnarcissisminEllisdescribedarareperversionwithinthefieldof
autoerotism,itherebecomesthenameofadynamicmechanismintheevolu-
tionofmalehomosexualitywhichinturninvolvesaregressiontoauto-erotism.
ComparedtoEllis)sconcept,Freud)suseisonahigherlevel,includesahigher
orderofsystematizationandhasahigherexplanatoryvalue.Itincludesintersub-
jectiverelationssuchasdesireandidentification.Yetitremainsunderdetermined
andisstilltosomedegreedependentontheresemblancewithNarcissus.
Tird,weturntoRank)sarticle“EinBeitragzumNarzissismus”(1911),which
contributestoawideningoftheclinicalusefulnessoftheconcept.Rankhardly
providesanysignificanttheoreticalchangeswhencomparedtoFreudandIsidor
Sadger(whohadinstitutednarcissismasadevelopmentalstagebetweenauto-
erotismandobject-love),buthewidensthepertinenceoftheconcept.21Most
importantlyforus,hereemphasizesandwidenstheborderzonebetweennarcis-
sisticphenomenaandtheNarcissustheme.
IntheinterpretationofthedreamofayoungwomanRankexpoundsthe
insightsintonarcissismthusfarattainedbypsychoanalyticresearch.Inthis
exposition,everystepisbackedupbyreferencestotheNarcissustradition.Rank
clearlyassumesthetraditiontohaveprefiguredeverypartofwhatisbeingcon-
ceptualizedasnarcissism.Inaquiteliteralsenseheusesthetraditionasastore-
houseofknowledgeaboutnarcissisticphenomena.
18SigmundFreud,TeStandardEditionoftheCompletePsychologicalWorks:Vol.XI(Lon-
don:TeHogarthPress,1957),100.
19Freud,GesammelteWerke:BdVIII,170.
20Freud,TeStandardEdition:Vol.XI,170.
21IsidorSadger,“EinFallvonmultiplerPerversionmithysterischenAbsenzen,”Jahrbuch
fürpsychoanalytischeundpsychopathologischeForschungen1(1910):59-133,112.